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{{Use American English|date=February 2023}}
{{Copy edit|date=December 2022}}[[File:Effectivenessofcontraceptives.png|thumb|450px|Effectiveness of contraceptive methods with respect to birth control. Only condoms are useful to prevent [[sexually transmitted infections]].]]
There are many methods of [[birth control]] (or [[Birth control|contraception]]) that vary in requirements, [[Side effect|side effects]], and [[effectiveness]]. As technology, education, and awareness about contraception has evolved, new contraception methods have been theorized and put in application.
==Methods==
===Hormonal methods===
The [[Intrauterine device|IUD (intrauterine device)]] is a
[[Oral contraceptive pill|Oral contraceptives]] are another option, these are commonly known as '[[Combined oral contraceptive pill|the pill]]'. These are prescribed by a doctor and must be taken at the same time every day in order to be the most effective. There are two different options, there is a [[Combined oral contraceptive pill|combined pill]] option that contains both of the hormones [[estrogen]] and [[Progestogen (medication)|progestin]]. The other option is a progestin-only pill. The failure rate of both of these oral contraceptives is 7%. <ref name=":04"/>
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In the [[fertility awareness-based method]] a woman who has a predictable and consistent menstrual cycle tracks the days that she is fertile. The typical woman has approximately 9 [[Fertility|fertile]] days a month and either avoids intercourse on those days or uses an alternative birth control method for that period of time. The failure rate is between 2-23%.<ref name=":04" />
[[Lactational amenorrhea
The '[[Coitus interruptus|pull out method]]' or [[coitus interruptus]] is a method where the male will remove his penis from the vagina before ejaculating; [[Fertilisation|this prevents sperm from reaching the egg and can prevent pregnancy]]. This method has to be done correctly every time and is best if used in addition to other forms of birth control in order to prevent pregnancy. It has a failure rate of approximately 22%.<ref>{{Cite web|title=What is the Effectiveness of the Pull-Out Method?|url=https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/birth-control/withdrawal-pull-out-method/how-effective-is-withdrawal-method-pulling-out|access-date=2021-11-18|website=www.plannedparenthood.org|language=en}}</ref>
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[[Tubal ligation]] is also known as 'tying tubes', this is the surgical process that a medical professional performs. This is done by closing or tying the fallopian tubes in order to prevent sperm from reaching the eggs. This is often done as an [[outpatient surgical procedure]] and is effective immediately after it is performed. The failure rate is 0.5%.<ref name=":04" />
A [[vasectomy]] is a minor surgical procedure where a doctor will cut the [[vas deferens]] and seal the ends to prevent sperm from reaching the penis and ultimately the egg. The method is usually successful after 12 weeks post-procedure or until the sperm count is zero. The
==User dependence==
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Some methods may be used simultaneously for higher effectiveness rates. For example, using condoms with spermicides the estimated perfect use failure rate would be comparable to the perfect use failure rate of the implant.<ref name="Hatcher20th" /> However, mathematically combining the rates to estimate the effectiveness of combined methods can be inaccurate, as the effectiveness of each method is not necessarily independent, except in the perfect case.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Kestelman P, Trussell J | title = Efficacy of the simultaneous use of condoms and spermicides | journal = Family Planning Perspectives | volume = 23 | issue = 5 | pages = 226–7, 232 | year = 1991 | pmid = 1743276 | doi = 10.2307/2135759 | jstor = 2135759 }}</ref>
If a method is known or suspected to have been ineffective, such as a condom breaking, or a method could not be used, as is the case for [[rape]] when user action is required for every act of intercourse, [[emergency contraception]] (ECP) may be taken up to 72 to 120 hours after [[sexual intercourse]]. Emergency contraception should be taken shortly before or as soon after intercourse as possible, as its efficacy decreases with increasing delay. Although ECP is considered an emergency measure, levonorgestrel ECP taken shortly before sex may be used as a primary method for women who have sex only a few times a year and want a hormonal method
before making major changes to the table (e.g. adding or removing methods). -->
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