Tunable resistive pulse sensing: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 00:31, 17 February 2023

Revision as of 00:49, 17 February 2023

Line 8:

== Technique ==

[[File:Wiki Pore Image Simple.png|thumb|A polydisperse particle sample passing through the tunable nanopore. The size of the aperture is altered by increasing or decreasing the stretch placed upon the nanopore.]]

Particles crossing a nanopore are detected one at a time as a transient change in the ionic current flow, which is denoted as a blockade event with its amplitude denoted as the blockade magnitude. As blockade magnitude is proportional to particle size, accurate particle sizing can be achieved after calibration with a known standard. This standard is composed of particles of a known size and concentration. For TRPS, carboxylated polystyrene particles are often used.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Vogel |first=Robert |last2=Pal |first2=Anoop K. |last3=Jambhrunkar |first3=Siddharth |last4=Patel |first4=Pragnesh |last5=Thakur |first5=Sachin S. |last6=Reátegui |first6=Eduardo |last7=Parekh |first7=Harendra S. |last8=Saá |first8=Paula |last9=Stassinopoulos |first9=Adonis |last10=Broom |first10=Murray F. |date=2017-12-12 |title=High-Resolution Single Particle Zeta Potential Characterisation of Biological Nanoparticles using Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-14981-x |journal=Scientific Reports |language=en |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=17479 |doi=10.1038/s41598-017-14981-x |issn=2045-2322}}</ref>

Nanopore-based detection allows particle-by-particle assessment of complex mixtures.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vogel |first=Robert |last2=Savage |first2=John |last3=Muzard |first3=Julien |last4=Della Camera |first4=Giacomo |last5=Vella |first5=Gabriele |last6=Law |first6=Alice |last7=Marchioni |first7=Marianne |last8=Mehn |first8=Dora |last9=Geiss |first9=Otmar |last10=Peacock |first10=Ben |last11=Aubert |first11=Dimitri |last12=Calzolai |first12=Luigi |last13=Caputo |first13=Fanny |last14=Prina‐Mello |first14=Adriele |date=2021-01 |title=Measuring particle concentration of multimodal synthetic reference materials and extracellular vesicles with orthogonal techniques: Who is up to the challenge? |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jev2.12052 |journal=Journal of Extracellular Vesicles |language=en |volume=10 |issue=3 |doi=10.1002/jev2.12052 |issn=2001-3078 |pmc=PMC7804049 |pmid=33473263}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Vogel |first=Robert |last2=Coumans |first2=Frank A. W. |last3=Maltesen |first3=Raluca G. |last4=Böing |first4=Anita N. |last5=Bonnington |first5=Katherine E. |last6=Broekman |first6=Marike L. |last7=Broom |first7=Murray F. |last8=Buzás |first8=Edit I. |last9=Christiansen |first9=Gunna |last10=Hajji |first10=Najat |last11=Kristensen |first11=Søren R. |last12=Kuehn |first12=Meta J. |last13=Lund |first13=Sigrid M. |last14=Maas |first14=Sybren L. N. |last15=Nieuwland |first15=Rienk |date=2016-01 |title=A standardized method to determine the concentration of extracellular vesicles using tunable resistive pulse sensing |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3402/jev.v5.31242 |journal=Journal of Extracellular Vesicles |language=en |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=31242 |doi=10.3402/jev.v5.31242 |issn=2001-3078 |pmc=PMC5040823 |pmid=27680301}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> By selecting an appropriately sized nanopore and adjusting its stretch, the nanopore size can be optimized for particle size and improve measurement accuracy.  

Nanopore-based detection allows particle-by-particle assessment of complex mixtures. By selecting an appropriately sized nanopore and adjusting its stretch, the nanopore size can be optimized for particle size and improve measurement accuracy.  

Adjustments to nanopore stretch, in combination with a fine-control of pressure and voltage allow TRPS to determine sample concentration <ref>Willmott, G. R., Yu, S.S.C. and Vogel, R., “Pressure Dependence of Particle Transport Through Resizable Nanopores”&nbsp;Proceedings of ICONN, 128-131 (2010).</ref><ref>G. Seth Roberts, Sam Yu, Qinglu Zeng, Leslie C.L. Chan, Will Anderson, Aaron H. Colby, Mark W. Grinstaff, Steven Reid, Robert Vogel. “Tunable Pores for Measuring Concentrations of Synthetic and Biological Nanoparticle Dispersions”&nbsp;Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 31 pp. 17-25, &nbsp;(2012).</ref> and to accurately derive individual particle zeta potential<ref>"A variable pressure method for characterising nanoparticle surface charge using pore sensors"&nbsp;Robert Vogel, Will Anderson, James Eldridge, Ben Glossop, and Geoff Willmott. Anal. Chem., Just Accepted Manuscript DOI: 10.1021/ac2030915 Publication Date (Web): February 27 (2012).</ref> in addition to particle size information.

Line 16:

== Applications ==

TRPS was developed by [[Izon Science|Izon Science Ltd]], producer of commercially available nanopore-based particle characterization systems.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.prlog.org/10264926-izon-launch-worlds-first-commercial-nanopore-platform.html | work=PRLog | title=IZON launch world's first commercial nanopore platform | date=June 23, 2009}}</ref> Izon Science Limited currently sell one TRPS device, known as the “Exoid”. Previous devices include the “qNano”, the “qNano Gold” and the “qViron”. These systems have been applied to measure a wide range of biological and synthetic particle types including viruses and nanoparticles. TRPS has been applied in both academic and industrial research fields, including:

*[[Drug delivery]] research (e.g. [[Solid lipid nanoparticle|lipid nanoparticles]] and [[Liposome|liposomes]])<ref name=":2" />

*[[Extracellular vesicle|Extracellular vesicles]] such as [[Exosome (vesicle)|exosome]]s<ref name=":3" />

*[[Virology]] and [[vaccine]] production

*[[biosensor|Biomedical diagnostics]]