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# '''Serial port''' (COM port) - At one time the most popular method. Serial ports usually lack adequate circuit programming supply voltage. Most computers and laptops newer than 2010 lack support for this port.
# '''Socket''' (in or out of circuit) - the CPU must be either removed from circuit board, or a clamp must be attached to the chip-making access an issue.
# '''USB cable''' - Small and light
t, has support for voltage source and most computers have extra ports available. The distance between the circuit to be programmed and the computer is limited by the length of USB cable - it must usually be less than 180 cm. This can make programming devices deep in machinery or cabinets a problem. ICSP programmers have many advantages, with size, computer port availability, and power source being major features. Due to variations in the interconnect scheme and the target circuit surrounding a micro-controller, there is no programmer that works with ''''' all ''''' possible target circuits or interconnects. Microchip Technology provides a detailed ICSP programming guide<ref>[http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/devicedoc/30277d.pdf ww1.microchip.com/downloads/en/devicedoc/30277d.pdf ICSP programming guide], Microchip</ref> Many sites provide programming and circuit examples.
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=== Signals and pinout ===
[[File:pic icsp.jpg|thumb]]
* ''' V<sub>pp</sub> ''' - Programming mode voltage. This must be connected to the MCLR pin, or the V<sub>pp</sub> pin of the optional ICSP port available on some large-pin-count PICs. To put the PIC into programming mode, this line must be in a specified range that varies from PIC to PIC. For 5{{Nbsp}}V PICs, this is always some amount above V<sub>dd</sub>, and can be as high as 13.5 V. The 3.3 V only PICs like the 18FJ, 24H, and 33F series use a special signature to enter programming mode and V<sub>pp</sub> is a digital signal that is either at ground or Vdd. There is no one V<sub>pp</sub> voltage that is within the valid V<sub>pp</sub> range of all PICs. In fact, the minimum required V<sub>pp</sub> level for some PICs can damage other PICs.
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