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A '''modal operator''' is a [[logical connective]], in the language of a [[modal logic]], which forms propositions from propositions. In general, a modal operator is ''formally'' characterised by being non-[[truth function|truth-functional]], and ''intuitively'' characterised by expressing a modal attitude (such as necessity, possibility, belief, or knowledge) towards the proposition which it is applied to.
In literary and fiction theory, the concept of '''modal operators''' has been explored by Lubomir [[Dolezel]] in Heterocosmica (1998), a book that articulates a complete theory of literary fiction based on the idea of [[possible worlds]]. Dolezel works with the concept of modalities that play the crucial role in ''formative operation'', i.e. in shaping narrative worlds into orders that have the potential to produce stories. Based on the theories of [[modal logic]], Dolezel introduces a set of modal systems that are appropriated for fictional [[semantics]], expanding on the table used by [[Georg Henrik von Wright]] (1968). There are four kinds of '''modal operators''' that function in the modal systems: [[alethic]], [[deontic]], [[axiological]] and [[epistemic]].
== Examples ==
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