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The first production system designed as a cluster was the Burroughs [[B5700]] in the mid-1960s. This allowed up to four computers, each with either one or two processors, to be tightly coupled to a common disk storage subsystem in order to distribute the workload. Unlike standard multiprocessor systems, each computer could be restarted without disrupting overall operation.
[[File:TNSII.jpg|thumb|Tandem NonStop II circa 1980.]]
The first commercial loosely coupled clustering product was [[Datapoint|Datapoint Corporation's]] "Attached Resource Computer" (ARC) system, developed in 1977, and using [[ARCnet]] as the cluster interface. Clustering per se did not really take off until [[Digital Equipment Corporation]] released their [[VAXcluster]] product in 1984 for the [[OpenVMS|VMS]] operating system. The ARC and VAXcluster products not only supported parallel computing, but also shared [[file system]]s and [[peripheral]] devices. The idea was to provide the advantages of parallel processing, while maintaining data reliability and uniqueness. Two other noteworthy early commercial clusters were the [[Tandem Computers|''Tandem NonStop'']] (a 1976 high-availability commercial product)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Katzman |first=James A. |title=Computer Structure: Principles and Examples |publisher=McGraw-Hill Book Company |year=1982 |isbn= |editor-last=Siewiorek |editor-first=Donald P. |___location=U.S.A. |pages=470–485 |chapter=Chapter 29, The Tandem 16: A Fault-Tolerant Computing System}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=History of TANDEM COMPUTERS, INC. – FundingUniverse |url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/tandem-computers-inc-history/ |access-date=2023-03-01 |website=www.fundinguniverse.com}}</ref> and the ''IBM S/390 Parallel Sysplex'' (circa 1994, primarily for business use).
Within the same time frame, while computer clusters used parallelism outside the computer on a commodity network, [[supercomputer]]s began to use them within the same computer. Following the success of the [[CDC 6600]] in 1964, the [[Cray 1]] was delivered in 1976, and introduced internal parallelism via [[vector processor|vector processing]].<ref name=Hill41 >{{cite book|title=Readings in computer architecture|first1=Mark Donald|last1=Hill|author-link2=Norman Jouppi|first2=Norman Paul|last2=Jouppi|first3=Gurindar|last3=Sohi|year=1999|isbn=978-1-55860-539-8|pages=41–48}}</ref> While early supercomputers excluded clusters and relied on [[shared memory architecture|shared memory]], in time some of the fastest supercomputers (e.g. the [[K computer]]) relied on cluster architectures.
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