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[[Scientific visualization]] is the transformation, selection, or representation of data from simulations or experiments, with an implicit or explicit geometric structure, to allow the exploration, analysis, and understanding of the data. Scientific visualization focuses and emphasizes the representation of higher order data using primarily graphics and animation techniques.<ref>"Scientific Visualization." sciencedaily.com. Science Daily, 2010. Retrieved from web [https://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/s/scientific_visualization.htm https://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/s/scientific_visualization.htm]. on 17 November 2011.</ref><ref>"Scientific Visualization." Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute. Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, n.d. Retrieved from web [http://www.sci.utah.edu/research/visualization.html http://www.sci.utah.edu/research/visualization.html]. on 17 November 2011.</ref> It is a very important part of visualization and maybe the first one, as the visualization of experiments and phenomena is as old as [[science]] itself. Traditional areas of scientific visualization are [[flow visualization]], [[medical visualization]], [[astrophysical visualization]], and [[molecular graphics|chemical visualization]]. There are several different techniques to visualize scientific data, with [[isosurface|isosurface reconstruction]] and [[volume rendering|direct volume rendering]] being the more common.
=== Data and information visualization ===
{{main|Data and information visualization}}
{{further|Infographics}}
[[File:Carnabotnet geovideo lowres.gif|thumb|250px|Relative average utilization of [[IPv4]]]]▼
Data visualization is a related subcategory of visualization dealing with [[statistical graphics]] and [[geospatial data]] (as in [[thematic map|thematic cartography]]) that is abstracted in schematic form.<ref name = "MF08">[[Michael Friendly]] (2008). [https://web.archive.org/web/20180926124138/http://www.math.yorku.ca/SCS/Gallery/milestone/milestone.pdf "Milestones in the history of thematic cartography, statistical graphics, and data visualization"]. Project moved to http://datavis.ca/milestones/</ref>
▲[[File:Carnabotnet geovideo lowres.gif|thumb|250px|Relative average utilization of [[IPv4]]]]
Information visualization concentrates on the use of computer-supported tools to explore large amount of abstract data. The term "information visualization" was originally coined by the User Interface Research Group at Xerox PARC and included Jock Mackinlay.{{Citation needed|date=January 2013}} Practical application of information visualization in computer programs involves selecting, [[data transformation|transforming]], and representing abstract data in a form that facilitates human interaction for exploration and understanding. Important aspects of information visualization are dynamics of visual representation and the interactivity. Strong techniques enable the user to modify the visualization in real-time, thus affording unparalleled perception of patterns and structural relations in the abstract data in question.
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