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Versione delle 16:35, 12 lug 2020

Versione delle 17:03, 12 lug 2020

Riga 48:

Il Castello di Bran sorge ai piedi dei [[Carpazi]] nel comune di [[Bran]], in prossimità dell'antico confine tra la [[Transilvania]] e la [[Valacchia]]. Esso è uno dei luoghi più famosi della Regione della Transilvania, conosciuta per l'abbondanza di roccaforti medievali che popolano la zona, il territorio prevalentemente montuoso e i paesaggi naturalistici che essa offre.

La [[fortezza]], circondata dai massicci montuosi Bucegi e Piatra Craiului, è situata a circa 30 km di distanza dalla città di [[Brasov]] e si erge su un picco roccioso all'entrata del passaggio Rucăr - Bran. La posizione privilegiata del Castello di Bran permette di avere ampie vedute sulle colline circostanti, la Valle Moeciu e la Valle Bârsei.

Si raggiunge percorrendo la strada nazionale 73 che collega Braşov a Câmpulung, attravero il Massiccio Piatra Craiuliu, Parco Nazionale, unico nel suo genere per la presenza di alcune specie di flora e fauna autoctona. <ref>{{cita web|url= http://www.bran-castle.com/directions.html|titolo= Bran Castle official website|accesso= 2020-07-12 }}</ref>

Riga 67:

Il 1 Gennaio 1498 il castello ormai in disuso fu acquistato dai Sassoni per soli 1000 fiorini. Succesivamente, il 25 Aprile 1651 gli abitanti di Brasov vendettero il castello al principe di Transilvania [[Giorgio II Rákóczi]]. Sebbene la regione divenne parte dell'[[Impero Asburgico]] nel 1687, la fortezza venne rinnovata dopo un lungo periodo di decadenza prima nel 1723 e poi nel 1863, anno in cui si spostò più a nord il confine tra la [[Transilvania]] e la [[Vallacchia]] e il castello di Bran diventò una sede amministrativa. Tuttavia, dal 1888 per altri 30 anni circa, il castello venne completamente disabitato.

A partire dal 1920, dopo l'[[Unione della Transilvania alla Romania]] avvenuta il 1 Dicembre 1918, attraverso una decisione del consiglio della città, il castello di Bran divennevenne offerto come residenza dei sovrani del [[Regno di Romania]]. Vi soggiornarono a lungo la [[Regina consorte|regina]] [[Maria di Sassonia-Coburgo-Gotha]], che ristrutturò gli interni secondo l'allora gusto ''[[Arts and Crafts]]'' rumeno, e sua figlia, la principessa [[Ileana di Romania]] la quale ereditò il castello nel 1938. Pertanto, il castello rimase una residenza reale estiva fino al 1932.

Nel 1948, dopo[[Ileana l'abdicazionedi delRomania]], re[[Antonio (dicembred'Asburgo-Lorena]] 1947),e tutta la famiglia reale rumena venne esiliata dal governo comunista. Il castello, occupato dalla servitù, fu nazionalizzato dal regime e divenne un museo. Dal 1987 al 1993 procedono dei lavori di ristrutturazione.

NelIl maggio1 Giugno [[20062009]] Domenico, ildopo figliosvariati della principessa Ileanaanni di Romaniatrattative, la famiglia reale si vide restituire ill'intera castelloproprietà dalle autorità rumene come parte dell'eredità materna.

1920

After 1918, Transylvania became part of Greater Romania. On December 1st 1920, the citizens of Brasov, through a unanimous decision of the city’s council, led by Mayor Karl Schnell, offered the castle to Queen Maria of Romania, who was described in the deed as “the great queen who (…) spreads her blessing everywhere she walked, thus wining, with an irresistible momentum, the hearts of the entire country’s population”.

The Castle became a favorite residence of Queen Maria, who restored and arranged it to be used as a residence of the royal family.

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1932

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From 1920 until 1932, the Castle was converted into a royal summer residence, coordinated by the Czech architect Karen Liman, who designed the castles Peles and Pelisor.

The 57 meter deep well of the castle gave insufficient water; therefore water was piped to the castle from natural springs situated across the valley. In 1932, the castle added a hydroelectric power plant on the stream Turcu, to light the castle but was also connected to the towns of Bran, Simon and Moeciu. The grateful inhabitants thanked Queen Marie, to which she referred in her writings: “poor villages, pure Romanian that in a near future would not have had this advantage.”

The area around the Castle was turned into an English Park with two ponds and a Tea House. An elevator was installed into the well shaft to provide easy access between the castle and the park for the Queen suffering from arthritis. Other buildings were erected: a guesthouse, a wooden church, staff housing, stables and garage.

1938

When Queen Marie died, on July 18, Bran Castle was bequeathed to the Princess Ileana, now married to Archduke Anton of Austria since 1931. The Queen’s favourite, according to a statement from Balchik on June 29, 1933. The Archduchess continued the planning for the castle's future.

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1940

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After the Vienna Award, when Romania lost the South Danube territories, Queen Marie’s heart that had been in the Stella Maris chapel of the Balchik’s palace on the Black Sea, was brought in its sarcophagus to Bran. The sarcophagus containing the heart was placed into a crypt chapel carved into the rock across the valley from the Castle. Upon Queen’s death, her heart had been placed in a silver box that was placed into a precious ornate box, which were then wrapped in the flags of Romania and of her native England and then placed in a marble sarcophagus.

1944

The Princess Ileana built a hospital in Bran, she named it “the Hospital of the Queen’s Heart”, which serviced the treatment for wounded soldiers from Brasov after the Red Cross hospital was bombed by American aircrafts. After 1945, the hospital continued to treat people wounded and maimed in the war and the population of the region. Princess Ileana herself cared for patients as a nurse and even operated in the hospital. She continued the work with great efforts until January 1948.

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1948

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Princess Ileana and her family were forced to leave the country by the newly installed communist regime. Ileana moved via Switzerland and Argentina to the United States in 1950, together with her six children: Stefan (born 1932), Maria-Ileana (born 1933), Alexandra (born 1935), Dominic (born 1937), Maria – Magdalena (born 1939) and Elisabeth (born 1942. At the same time, Archduke Anton returned to Occupied Austria to save what he could of his war ravaged estate. In the United States, Princess Ileana provided for herself, her children and their education through proceeds from lecturing on her life, Romania and Communism.

1956

Bran Castle was transformed by the communist authorities into a museum. The museum had three departments: the Castle – which contained pieces of royal heritage; the medieval customs; and Ethnography – that included traditional houses in the park near the castle.

1990

In September 1990, Princess Ileana, who since 1961 lived in a convent and was ordained as Mother Alexandra, visited Bran Castle and witnessed the damaged buildings and loss of some of the inter-war construction.

She died shortly after, on January 21, 1991, and was buried in The Orthodox Monastery of Transfiguration Ellwood City, Pennsylvania, which she founded and of which she was the abbess. In her grave was placed a small box containing earth from the foot of Bran Castle, collected when she was exiled.

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1993

The castle’s restoration works, which had started in 1987, were finished. The Castle was reopened as a museum and was reintroduced into the tourist circuit.

2006

On May 18, after several years of legal proceedings, the castle was legally returned to the heirs of Princess Ileana of Romania and Archduke Anton of Austria. However, the Romanian Government, through the Ministry of Culture, provisionally administered the castle for another three years.

2009

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On June 1, 2009, the Castle fully re-entered the possession of its legal heirs, Archduke Dominic, Archduchess Maria Magdalena and Archduchess Elisabeth.

==Descrizione==

Riga 127 ⟶ 77:

[[File:Bran, krzyż w ogrodach zamkowych DSCF7428.jpg|miniatura|destra|Croce del 19 secolo collocata nel parco]]

Stanze principali, torri, parco/cimitero

The area around the Castle was turned into an English Park with two ponds and a Tea House. An elevator was installed into the well shaft to provide easy access between the castle and the park for the Queen suffering from arthritis. Other buildings were erected: a guesthouse, a wooden church, staff housing, stables and garage.

The 57 meter deep well of the castle gave insufficient water; therefore water was piped to the castle from natural springs situated across the valley. In 1932, the castle added a hydroelectric power plant on the stream Turcu, to light the castle but was also connected to the towns of Bran, Simon and Moeciu. The grateful inhabitants thanked Queen Marie, to which she referred in her writings: “poor villages, pure Romanian that in a near future would not have had this advantage.”

Every historical episode is characterized by certain factors that function as a constant, such as time and space. These factors define its place in the evolution of the human community.

Riga 172 ⟶ 125:

==Museo==

La leggenda nuova

1956

Bran Castle was transformed by the communist authorities into a museum. The museum had three departments: the Castle – which contained pieces of royal heritage; the medieval customs; and Ethnography – that included traditional houses in the park near the castle.

il castello si erge su un picco roccioso ed è costellato di torri, scale, passaggi anche sotterranei segreti. a costruzione si affaccia sul villaggio sottostante dove ci si può fermare per una visita nei negozi artigianali oppure si può visitare il museo etnografico. All’interno conserva arredi antichi, armi ed armature dal 14° al 19° secolo. ed è costellato di torri, scale, passaggi anche sotterranei segreti. a costruzione si erge sul villaggio sottostante dove ci si può fermare per una visita nei negozi artigianali oppure si può visitare il museo etnografico.