Intraperitoneal injection: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 23:39, 29 January 2023

Revision as of 09:43, 5 March 2023

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==Use in Humans==

There are few examples of the use of intraperitoneal injections in humans cited in literature because it is mainly used to study the effects of drugs in mice. The few examples that do exist pertain to the treatment of pancreatic/ovarian cancers and injections of other drugs in clinical trials. Figure 1.0 roughly depicts where the injection would be administered to the peritoneal cavity in humans. One study utilized IP injections to study pain in the abdomen after a hysterectomy when administering anesthetic continuously vs patient-controlled.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Perniola |first1=A |title=Postoperative pain after abdominal hysterectomy: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial comparing continuous infusion vs patient-controlled intraperitoneal injection of local anaesthetic |journal=British Journal of Anaesthesia |date=2014 |volume=112 |issue=2 |pages=328–336 |doi=10.1093/bja/aet345|pmid=24185607 |doi-access=free }}</ref> The results depicted that ketobemidone consumption was significantly lower when patients controlled anesthetic through IP. This led to the patients being able to be discharged earlier than when anesthesia was administered continuously. These findings could be advanced by studying how the route of injection affects the organs in the peritoneal cavity.

In another Phase I clinical trial, patients with ovarian cancer were injected intraperitoneally with dl1520 in order to study the effects of a replication-competent/-selective virus.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Vasey PA, Shulman LN, Campos S, Davis J, Gore M, Johnston S, Kirn DH, O'Neill V, Siddiqui N, Seiden MV, Kaye SB |title=Phase I Trial of Intraperitoneal Injection of the E1B-55-kd-Gene–Deleted Adenovirus ONYX-015 (dl1520) Given on Days 1 Through 5 Every 3 Weeks in Patients With Recurrent/Refractory Epithelial Ovarian Cancer |journal=J Clin Oncol |date=15 March 2002 |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=1562–1569 |doi=10.1200/JCO.2002.20.6.1562 |pmid=11896105}}</ref> The effects of this study were the onset of flu-like symptoms, emesis, and abdominal pain. The study overall defines appropriate doses and toxicity levels of dl1520 when injected intraperitoneally.

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==Use in Animals==

When searching "intraperitoneal injections" a majority of the results relate to the use of IP injections in murine or rat models in order to study the effect of some drug or chemical. Intraperitoneal injections are the preferred method of administration in many experimental studies due to the quick onset of effects post injection. This allows researchers to observe the effects of a drug in a shorter period of time, and allows them to study the effects of drugs on multiple organs that are in the peritoneal cavity at once. In order to effectively administer drugs through IP injections, the stomach of the animal is exposed, and the injection is given in the lower abdomen as depicted in figure 2.0. The most efficient method to inject small animals is a two-person method where one holds the rodent and the other person injects the rodent at about 10 to 20 degrees in mice and 20 to 45 degrees in rats. The holder retains the arms of the animal and tilts the head lower than the abdomen to create optimal space in the peritoneal cavity.<ref name="Laferriere Pang"/>

There has been some debate on whether intraperitoneal injections are the best route of administration for experimental animal studies. It was concluded in a review article that utilizing IP injections to administer drugs to laboratory rodents in experimental studies is acceptable when being applied to proof-of-concept studies.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Al Shoyaib |first1=A. |last2=Archie |first2=S.R. |last3=Karamyan |first3=V.T. |title=Intraperitoneal Route of Drug Administration: Should it Be Used in Experimental Animal Studies? |journal=Pharm Res |date=2020 |volume=37 |issue=12 |page=12 |doi=10.1007/s11095-019-2745-x|pmid=31873819 |pmc=7412579 }}</ref>