Fifth Generation Computer Systems: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 09:41, 4 March 2023

Revision as of 04:14, 19 March 2023

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After having influenced the [[consumer electronics]] field during the 1970s and the [[automotive]] world during the 1980s, the Japanese had developed a strong reputation. The launch of the FGCS project spread the belief that parallel computing was the future of all performance gains, producing a wave of apprehension in the computer field. Soon parallel projects were set up in the US as the [[Strategic Computing Initiative]] and the [[Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation]] (MCC), in the UK as [[Alvey]], and in Europe as the [[European Strategic Program on Research in Information Technology]] (ESPRIT), as well as the [[European Computer‐Industry Research Centre]] (ECRC) in [[Munich]], a collaboration between [[International Computers Limited|ICL]] in Britain, [[Groupe Bull|Bull]] in France, and [[Siemens]] in Germany.

The project ran from 1982 to 1994, spending a little less than ¥57 billion (about US$320 million) total.<ref name=Odagiri/> After the FGCS Project, [[Ministry of International Trade and Industry|MITI]] stopped funding large-scale computer research projects, and the research momentum developed by the FGCS Project dissipated. However MITI/ICOT embarked on a neural-net project{{which|reason=which project exactly?|date=July 2022}} which some called the Sixth Generation Project in the 1990s, with a similar level of funding.<ref>{{cite book |last1=MIZOGUCHI |first1=FUMIO |title=Prolog and its Applications: A Japanese perspective |date=14 December 2013 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-4899-7144-9 |page=ix |url=https://wwwbooks.google.com/books/edition/Prolog_and_its_Applications/Uxv3BwAAQBAJ?hlid=en&gbpv=1Uxv3BwAAQBAJ&pg=PR9 |language=en}}</ref> Per-year spending was less than 1% of the entire R&D expenditure of the electronics and communications equipment industry. For example the project's highest expenditure year was 7.2 million yen in 1991, but IBM alone spent 1.5 billion dollars (370 billion yen) in 1982, while the industry spent 2150 billion yen in 1990.<ref name=Odagiri/>

=== Concurrent logic programming ===