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Guy Harris (talk | contribs) →Linux: Speak of "large systems" rather than "big iron", given that the page for "big iron" redirects to mainframe computer, which we give as an example of "big iron". This needs to be restated, as 1) the "other large systems" probably include the commercial UN*Xes and 2) IBM "mainframe computers" can and do run Linux. |
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Popular Linux distributions<ref>{{cite web|url=http://distrowatch.com/dwres.php?resource=major |title=DistroWatch.com: Put the fun back into computing. Use Linux, BSD. |last=DistroWatch |website=distrowatch.com |access-date=30 December 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130402195650/http://distrowatch.com/dwres.php?resource=major |archive-date=2 April 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cio.com/article/3023349/linux/best-linux-distros-of-2016-something-for-everyone.html|title=Best Linux distros of 2016: Something for everyone|last=Bhartiya|first=Swapnil|newspaper=CIO|access-date=30 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161231170119/http://www.cio.com/article/3023349/linux/best-linux-distros-of-2016-something-for-everyone.html|archive-date=31 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tecmint.com/linux-distributions/|title=10 Most Used Linux Distributions of All Time|website=TecMint|date=26 May 2021 |access-date=6 February 2023}}</ref> include [[Debian]], [[Fedora (operating system)|Fedora]], and [[Ubuntu]]. Commercial distributions include [[Red Hat Enterprise Linux]] and [[SUSE Linux Enterprise Server]]. Desktop Linux distributions include a [[windowing system]] such as [[X11]] or [[Wayland (protocol)|Wayland]], and a [[desktop environment]] such as [[GNOME]] or [[KDE Plasma 5|KDE Plasma]]. Distributions intended for [[server (computing)|servers]] may omit [[computer graphics|graphics]] altogether, or include a [[solution stack]] such as [[LAMP (software bundle)|LAMP]]. Because Linux is freely redistributable, anyone may create a distribution for any purpose.<ref name="what">{{Cite web|title=What is Linux?|url=https://opensource.com/resources/linux|website=Opensource.com|language=en|access-date=12 May 2020}}</ref>
Linux was originally developed for personal computers based on the [[x86|Intel x86]] architecture, but has since been [[porting|ported]] to more [[computer hardware platforms|platforms]] than any other operating system.<ref>{{cite news |author=Barry Levine |title=Linux' {{sic|22|th|nolink=yes}} Birthday Is Commemorated – Subtly – by Creator |url=http://www.cmswire.com/cms/information-management/linux-22th-birthday-is-commemorated-subtly-by-creator-022244.php |access-date=10 May 2015 |publisher=Simpler Media Group, Inc |date=26 August 2013 |quote="Originally developed for Intel x86-based PCs, Torvalds' "hobby" has now been released for more hardware platforms than any other OS in history." |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518155152/http://www.cmswire.com/cms/information-management/linux-22th-birthday-is-commemorated-subtly-by-creator-022244.php |archive-date=18 May 2015}}</ref> Because of the dominance of the Linux-based [[Android (operating system)|Android]] on [[smartphone]]s, {{as of|2023|January|lc=y}}, Linux also has the [[Usage share of operating systems|largest]] [[installed base]] of all [[general-purpose operating system]]s.<ref name="statcounter-os" /><ref name="marketshare.hitslink.com">{{cite web|url=http://marketshare.hitslink.com/operating-system-market-share.aspx?qprid=8&qpcustomd=1&qptimeframe=M|title=NetMarketShare:Mobile/Tablet Operating System Market Share|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006070701/http://marketshare.hitslink.com/operating-system-market-share.aspx?qprid=8&qpcustomd=1&qptimeframe=M|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=McPherson|first=Amanda|date=13 December 2012|title=What a Year for Linux: Please Join us in Celebration|url=http://www.linuxfoundation.org/news-media/blogs/browse/2012/12/what-year-linux-please-join-us-celebration|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140417232521/http://www.linuxfoundation.org/news-media/blogs/browse/2012/12/what-year-linux-please-join-us-celebration|archive-date=17 April 2014|access-date=16 April 2014|publisher=Linux Foundation}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.linuxfordevices.com/c/a/News/Trolltech-rolls-complete-Linux-smartphone-stack/ |title=Trolltech rolls "complete" Linux smartphone stack |access-date=12 January 2017 |last=Linux Devices |date=28 November 2006 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120525231448/http://www.linuxfordevices.com/c/a/News/Trolltech-rolls-complete-Linux-smartphone-stack/ |archive-date=25 May 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Although it is, {{as of|2023|January|lc=y}}, used by only around 2.9 percent of [[desktop computer]]s,<ref name="statcounter-desktop" /> the [[Chromebook]], which runs the Linux kernel-based [[ChromeOS]], dominates the US [[K–12]] education market and represents nearly 20 percent of sub-$300 [[Laptop|notebook]] sales in the US.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/chromebook-shipments-leap-by-67-percent/|title=Chromebook shipments leap by 67 percent|author=Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols|work=ZDNet|access-date=29 September 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929055809/http://www.zdnet.com/article/chromebook-shipments-leap-by-67-percent/|archive-date=29 September 2015}}</ref> Linux is the leading operating system on servers (over 96.4% of the top 1 million web servers' operating systems are Linux),<ref>{{cite web|title=OS Market Share and Usage Trends|url=http://www.w3cook.com/os/summary/|website=W3Cook.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150806093859/http://www.w3cook.com/os/summary|archive-date=6 August 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> leads other
Linux also runs on [[embedded system]]s, i.e. devices whose operating system is typically built into the [[firmware]] and is highly tailored to the system. This includes [[router (computing)|routers]], [[automation]] controls, [[smart home technology]] (such as [[Google Nest]]),<ref name="fosscompliance">{{cite web| title=Nest Learning Thermostat open source compliance | url=https://nest.com/legal/compliance/ | publisher=Nest.com | access-date=9 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812095104/https://nest.com/legal/compliance/ |archive-date=12 August 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> televisions (Samsung and LG [[Smart TV]]s use [[Tizen]] and [[WebOS]], respectively),<ref name="Linux Smart TVs">{{cite web | title = Linux continues advance in smart TV market | url = http://linuxgizmos.com/linux-continues-advance-in-smart-tv-market/ | website = linuxgizmos.com | author = Eric Brown | date = 29 March 2019 | access-date = 15 May 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Sony Open Source Code Distribution Service | url = http://products.sel.sony.com/opensource/ | publisher = Sony Electronics | access-date = 8 October 2011 | url-status=dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111004171109/http://products.sel.sony.com/opensource/ | archive-date = 4 October 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Sharp Liquid Crystal Television Instruction Manual | url = http://files.sharpusa.com/Downloads/ForHome/HomeEntertainment/LCDTVs/Manuals/Archive/tel_man_LC32_37_42HT3U.pdf | publisher = Sharp Electronics | access-date = 8 October 2011 | page = 24 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120111111044/http://files.sharpusa.com/Downloads/ForHome/HomeEntertainment/LCDTVs/Manuals/Archive/tel_man_LC32_37_42HT3U.pdf | archive-date = 11 January 2012 }}</ref> [[automobiles]] (for example, Tesla, Audi, Mercedes-Benz, Hyundai, and Toyota all rely on Linux),<ref name="Linux cars">{{cite web|title=It's a Linux-powered car world|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/its-a-linux-powered-car-world/|website=ZDNet|author=Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols|date=4 January 2019|access-date=15 May 2020}}</ref> [[digital video recorder]]s, [[video game console]]s, and [[smartwatch]]es.<ref name="LinuxDevices">{{cite web | url = https://researcher.watson.ibm.com/researcher/view_group.php?id=6101 | title = Linux Watch (WatchPad) | access-date = 6 February 2023 | website = [[IBM Research]]}}</ref> The [[Falcon 9]]'s and the [[SpaceX Dragon 2|Dragon 2]]'s [[avionics]] use a customized version of Linux.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zdnet.com/google-amp/article/from-earth-to-orbit-with-linux-and-spacex/|title=From Earth to orbit with Linux and SpaceX | ZDNet|website=www.zdnet.com}}</ref>
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