Università al-Qarawiyyin: differenze tra le versioni
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[[File:Al-Qarawiyyin04.jpg|thumb|Ricami architettonici dell'università al-Qarawiyyin]]
L''''Università al-Qarawiyyin''', ossia "degli abitanti di [[Qayrawan]]", in traslitterazione francesizzata locale chiamata anche '''al-Karaouine''' ({{Arabo|جامعة القرويين|Jāmi‘at al-Qarawiyyīn}}) è un'[[università]] situata a [[Fès]], in [[Marocco]]. Nel [[859]] [[Fatima Al-Fihriya]] fondò una moschea dalla quale nacque una [[madrasa]] che divenne uno dei principali centri spirituali ed educativi del [[mondo musulmano]] ed è considerata la “più antica istituzione
Alcuni storici e una serie di fonti, tra cui l'[[UNESCO]], la considerano la più antica università del mondo<ref>[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/170/ UNESCO]</ref><ref>Bender, Thomas (1991), ''The University and the City: From Medieval Origins to the Present'', Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 13-14, ISBN 9780195067750, "The statement that all universities are descended either directly or by migration from these three prototypes [Oxford, Paris, and Bologna] depends, of course, on one's definition of a university. And I must define a university very strictly here. A university is something more than a center of higher education and study. One must reserve the term university for?and I'm quoting Rashdall here?"a scholastic guild, whether of masters or students, engaged in higher education and study," which was later defined, after the emergence of universities, as studium generale."</ref><ref>Aslan, Ednan, ed. (2009), ''Islamic Education in Europe'', Wiener islamisch-religionspädagogische Studien, 1, Böhlau Verlag Wien, pp. 220–221, ISBN 9783205783107, "The Muslim community maintained, favoured, and organized the institutions for higher education that became the new centres for the diffusion of Islamic knowledge. These centres were places where teachers and students of that time would meet and also where all intellectuals would gather and take part in extremely important scientific debates. It is not a coincidence that around the 9th century the first university in the world, the Qarawiyyin University in Fez, was established in the Muslim world followed by az-Zaytuna in Tunis and Al-Azhar in Cairo. The university model, that in the West was widespread starting only from the 12th century, had an extraordinary fortune and was spread throughout the Muslim world at least until the colonial period."</ref><ref>Illustrated Dictionary of the Muslim World, Publisher: Marshall Cavendish p.161 [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=8Zp_5IydPGgC&pg=PA161#v=onepage&q&f=false]</ref><ref>Joseph, S, and Najmabadi, A. Encyclopedia of Women & Islamic Cultures: Economics, education, mobility, and space. Brill, 2003, p. 314</ref><ref>Swartley, Keith. Encountering the World of Islam. Authentic, 2005, p. 74</ref>, seguita in ordine cronologico dall'[[Università Al-Azhar|Università di al-Azhar]] del [[Il Cairo|Cairo]], in [[Egitto]] (fondata nel 975), e dall'[[Università di Bologna]] (1088). Altri storici, invece, notano che al-Qarawiyyin divenne un'università solamente nel 1963, mentre prima era una [[madrasa]]. Inoltre, alcuni ritengono che l'[[università]] fosse un'istituzione che si sviluppò in Europa e che le prime università fossero tutte situate in [[Europa occidentale]].
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