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In [[robotics]], an '''end effector''' is the device at the end of a [[robotic arm]], designed to interact with the environment. The exact nature of this device depends on the application of the robot.
 
In the strict definition, which originates from serial robotic [[manipulator (device)|manipulators]], the end effector means the last link (or end) of the robot. At this endpoint, the tools are attached. In a wider sense, an end effector can be seen as the part of a robot that interacts with the work environment. This does not refer to the wheels of a [[mobile robot|mobile robo]][[mobile robot|t]]<ref name=":0" /> or the feet of a [[humanoid robot]], which are not end effectors but rather part of a robot's mobility.
 
End effectors may consist of a gripper or a tool.