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'''''Once Upon a Time…''''' ("''Il était une fois…''") is a French [[educational animation]] franchise, created by [[Albert Barillé]] for his animation studio [[Procidis]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Procidis |url=https://www.hellomaestro.fr/en/story |website=Hello Maestro! |access-date=26 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130163708/https://www.hellomaestro.fr/en/story |archive-date=30 November 2022 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Milligan |first1=Mercedes |title=Procidis Shops ‘Once Upon a Time…Life’ Around MENA |url=https://www.animationmagazine.net/2016/12/procidis-shops-once-upon-a-timelife-around-mena/ |website=Animation Magazine |access-date=26 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204120006/https://www.animationmagazine.net/2016/12/procidis-shops-once-upon-a-timelife-around-mena/ |archive-date=4 February 2023 |date=17 December 2016}}</ref> There are seven distinct series, each focusing on different aspects of knowledge.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hello Maestro, a Cult Saga Made of 7 Seasons |url=https://www.hellomaestro.fr/en/procidis |website=Hello Maestro! |publisher=Procidis |access-date=26 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311204112/https://www.hellomaestro.fr/en/procidis |archive-date=23 March 2023 |language=English}}</ref> Once Upon a Time… has been shown in a hundred different countries, and 150 million [[video cassettes]] and [[DVDs]] have been sold around the world, as well as 250 million tie-in books.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kessous |first1=Mustapha |title=« Il était une fois… la vie » revient sur France 4 dans une version restaurée |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/televisions-radio/article/2017/03/11/il-etait-une-fois-la-vie-les-enfants-d-abord_5092976_1655027.html |website=Le Monde |publisher=Le Monde |access-date=26 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210102012133/https://www.lemonde.fr/televisions-radio/article/2017/03/11/il-etait-une-fois-la-vie-les-enfants-d-abord_5092976_1655027.html |archive-date=2 January 2021 |language=French |date=11 March 2017}}</ref>
There are seven series in all.<ref>{{cite web |title=Procidis Signs International Deals for ‘Once Upon a Time…Life’ |url=https://www.awn.com/news/procidis-signs-international-deals-once-upon-time-life |website=Animation World Network |access-date=26 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021201830/https://www.awn.com/news/procidis-signs-international-deals-once-upon-time-life |archive-date=21 October 2022 |date=20 December 2016}}</ref> These are mostly [[History|historical]], with ''Once Upon a Time… Man'' being focused on the overall history of mankind
Most of the series are in the [[animated documentary]] genre and teach in an [[Exposition (narrative)|expository]] style.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Formenti |first=Cristina |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VTdiEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=The Classical Animated Documentary and Its Contemporary Evolution |date=2022-03-24 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=978-1-5013-4647-7 |pages=250-253 |language=en}}</ref>
== Chronology ==
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The series ''Once Upon a Time…'' illustrated the various subjects (as listed above) from the point of view of a group that is always composed of similar recurring figures that represent different archetypal roles:
*'''Maestro''' ([[Roger Carel]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Procidis |url=https://www.hellomaestro.fr/en/story |website=Hello Maestro! |access-date=26 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130163708/https://www.hellomaestro.fr/en/story |archive-date=30 November 2022 |language=English}}</ref> - The wise old man.<ref name=":0" /> He usually serves as the head of the tribe, as a religious priest, as an adviser to the king and as an inventor. Maestro has long white hair, a pair of antennal growths and a beard that covers his entire body. He is seen to stash things away in this beard, sometimes fumbling quite a bit to find the object he wishes to present. He serves as the mentor to the children, telling them about the various subjects.
*'''Peter / Pierre''' (Roger Carel) - The courageous and handsome young man. He represents the image of the good person and he is father of Pierrot and Little Pierrette.
*'''Jumbo / Le Gros''' ([[Yves Barsacq]]) - The strong young man.<ref name=":0" /> Jumbo is Peter's best friend. A quite large person, with red hair and great physical powers. At times he tends to be a little clumsy, but he is very strong. He often defends Peter, Pierrette (and Psi in the spinoffs) from the bullies.
**Jumbo and Peter have also young counterparts (Little Jumbo and Pierrot (Vincent Ropion) and their development is usually followed from [[childhood]] to [[adolescence]], Peter has a daughter too named Little Pierrette).
*'''Psi''' - The good young girl. A black-haired Brazilian woman who serves mostly as Peter's girlfriend, or as Peter's wife.
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*'''The Pest / Le Teigneux''' ([[Claude Bertrand (actor)|Claude Bertrand]]) - The big bully, friend of 'The Dwarf', a large and strong bully that enjoys picking on others or attacking them. He is strong, but Jumbo is stronger.
*'''The Dwarf / Le Nabot''' ([[Patrick Préjean]]) - The little bully, friend of 'The Pest', weak but shrewd and an intriguer. He has a malicious giggle. Both he and his friend display downright negative characters (traitors, spies, conspirators, murderers), or at least skeptics or hypocrites. They are the ones to generally start up a conflict between the circle of children.
*'''The Clock''' - Displays the year when the events occur.<ref name=":0" /> Sometimes it has a character and reacts to what the screen shows. For example, it complains when narration proceeds many years forwards or glares at the scenery when something interesting is shown.
Some of them had historical roles. For example, Pest as [[Goliath]] and Pierrot as [[David]]. Maestro had the role of [[Leonardo da Vinci]]<ref name=":0" /> and mostly of benevolent or enlightened rulers (amongst these, he surprisingly represented Kublai Khan).
==References==
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