Soft computing: Difference between revisions

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{{Citation|title=Soft Computing Techniques|date=2016|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/soft-computing-in-electromagnetics/soft-computing-techniques/3220054EB1CB76AB1C34CF1F86660E69|work=Soft Computing in Electromagnetics: Methods and Applications|pages=9–44|editor-last=Choudhury|editor-first=Balamati|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|doi=10.1017/CBO9781316402924.003|isbn=978-1-107-12248-2|access-date=2021-02-24|editor2-last=Jha|editor2-first=Rakesh Mohan}}

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including [[neural network]]s, [[chaos]], [[fuzzy logic]], and [[evolutionary algorithm]]s.<ref>
{{Citation|last=Shukla|first=K. K.|title=CHAPTER 17 - Soft Computing Paradigms for Artificial Vision|date=2000-01-01|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780126464900500202|work=Soft Computing and Intelligent Systems|pages=405–417|editor-last=Sinha|editor-first=NARESH K.|series=Academic Press Series in Engineering|place=San Diego|publisher=Academic Press|language=en|isbn=978-0-12-646490-0|access-date=2021-02-24|editor2-last=Gupta|editor2-first=MADAN M.}}

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</ref>Among these, neural networks are usually used for prediction. The basic structure of multilayer perception neural network consists of the input layer, middle hidden layer and the output layer, with the product of input factors (ai) and weights (wij) fed to summing junctions with neurons bias (bj).<ref>Sustainable Construction Safety Knowledge Sharing: A Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling and A Feedforward Neural Network Approach. Sustainability 2019, 11, 5831. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11205831</ref> Fuzzy sets have been used to solve problems like multi-criteria decision-making, patterns recognition and diseases diagnosis.<ref>Intuitionistic multi fuzzy ideals of near-rings. Decision Making: Applications in Management and Engineering, 20223, 6(1), 564-582. https://doi.org/10.31181/dmame04012023b</ref> Chaos has been applied chemistry and ecology research. Chaos has been studied in management operations research, such as queuing, inventory, planning and scheduling systems. These are characterized by the chaos of queue, inventory, and planning and scheduling under various management decision rules. Chaos has also been applied the management of public relations, such as problems and crises. Chaos management is dependent on change rules: a collection of principles based on orderly or disorderly changes, flexibility, and the process of new orderly emergence.<ref>Dynamics Analysis and Fractional-Order Approximate Entropy of Nonlinear Inventory Management Systems, 2021, 5516703, https://www.hindawi.com/journals/mpe/2021/5516703/</ref>These algorithms are tolerant of imprecision, uncertainty, partial truth and approximation. It is contrasted with '''hard computing''': algorithms which find provably correct and [[optimal]] solutions to problems.

These algorithms are tolerant of imprecision, uncertainty, partial truth and approximation.

It is contrasted with '''hard computing''': algorithms which find provably correct and [[optimal]] solutions to problems.

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