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In additional to its primary application in the production of stainless steel, many various additional uses have been found for AOD across different industries and materials.
=== Carbon Capture and Utilization <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Moon, Choi |first1=E.-J, Y.C |title=Development of carbon-capture binder using stainless steel argon oxygen decarburization slag activated by carbonation |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |date=2018 |volume=180 |page=642-654}}</ref> ===
AOD slag has shown promising potential for usage as a carbon-capture construction material due to its high capacity for CO2 and its low cost. Carbonation curing, a process utilizing CO2 as a curing agent in concrete manufacturing, enhances the chemical properties of stainless steel slag by stabilizing it. During carbonation, g-C2S in the slag reacts with CO2 to produce compounds like calcite and silica gel, resulting in increased compressive strength and improved durability of cementitious materials. The incorporation of AOD slag as a replacement material in ordinary Portland cement (OPC) during carbonation curing has been studied, demonstrating positive effects on strength and reduced porosity.
=== Cementitious Activity and Modifiers <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Baciocchi, Costa, Di Bartolomeo, Polettini, Pomi |first1=R., G., E., A. R. |title=Carbonation of Stainless Steel Slag as a Process for CO2 Storage and Slag Valorization. |journal=Waste and Biomass Valorization |date=2010 |volume=1 |issue=4 |page=467-477}}</ref> ===
AOD slag exhibits cementitious activity, but its properties can be changed by modifiers. Studies have focused on the impact of modifiers, such as B2O3 and P2O5 on preventing the crystal transition of β-C2S and improving the cementitious activity of the slag. Addition of B2O3 and P2O5 has shown curing effects and increased compressive strength. These findings suggest that proper selection of modifiers can enhance the performance of stainless steel slag in cementitious applications.
=== Chromium Leachability and Carbonation <ref>
Another aspect of AOD slag research is its carbonation potential and its impact on chromium leachability. Carbonation of the dicalcium silicate in AOD slag leads to the formation of various compounds, including amorphous calcium carbonate, crystalline calcite, and silica gel. The carbonation ratio of the slag affects the mineral phases, which subsequently influence chromium leachability. Optimal carbonation ratios have been identified to minimize chromium leaching risks during carbonation-related production activities.
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▲<ref></ref> Wang, Y., Zeng, Y.-N., Li, J., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y., & Zhao, Q. (2020). Carbonation of argon oxygen decarburization stainless steel slag and its effect on chromium leachability. Journal of Cleaner Production, 256, 120377–120377.
{{Iron and steel production}}
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