In [[computer programming]], '''create, read, update, and delete''' (often referred to via the acronym '''CRUD''') are the four basic operations of [[persistent storage]].<ref name="james-martin">{{cite book |last=Martin |first=James |author-link=James Martin (author) |year=1983 |title=Managing the Data-base Environment |publisher=Prentice-Hall |place=Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey |isbn=0-135-50582-8 |page=381 |url=https://archive.org/details/managingdatabase00mart/page/381}}</ref> CRUD is also sometimes used to describe [[user interface]] conventions that facilitate viewing, searching, and changing information using computer-based [[form (document)|form]]s and [[report]]s.
