Gwallog ap Llênog: Difference between revisions

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::Against him fought four kings, Urbgen ([[Urien]]) and Riderc Hen ([[Riderch I of Alt Clut|Rhydderch Hen]]) and Guallauc (Gwallawg) and Morcant ([[Morcant Bulc|Morgant]]). [[Theodric of Bernicia|Deodric]] fought bravely with his sons against that Urbgen--at that time sometimes the enemy, now the citizens, were being overcome--and he shut them up three days and nights in the island of Metcaud ([[Lindisfarne]]), and, while he was on an expedition, he was murdered at the instance of Morcant out of envy, because in him above all the kings was the greatest skill in the renewing of battle.<ref>''The Poems of Taliesin'', ed. by Ifor Williams, trans. by J. E. Caerwyn Williams, Medieval and Modern Welsh Series, 3 (Dublin: The Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1968), pp. xi-xii.</ref>
 
Thus it appears that Gwallog joined a group of [[Britons (historical)|Brittonic]] kings, including [[Urien|Urien Rheged]], [[Riderch I of Alt Clut|Rhydderch Hael]] and [[Morcant Bulc|Morgant Bwlch]] of [[Bryneich]], in an attempt to defeat the [[Angles (tribe)|Angles]] of [[Bernicia]]. This endeavour failed after Urien was slain.
 
Gwallog is the addressee of two poems in the [[Book of Taliesin]] which [[Ifor Williams]] identified on linguistic and historical grounds as (in part) plausibly originating in the sixth century, and possibly being genuine praise-poems addressed to Gwallog.<ref>''The Poems of Taliesin'', ed. by Ifor Williams, trans. by J. E. Caerwyn Williams, Medieval and Modern Welsh Series, 3 (Dublin: The Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1968), pp. xi-xii, 12-15; the poems are XI and XII in Williams's numbering. Translated in Thomas Owen Clancy (ed.), ''The Triumph Tree; Scotland's Earliest Poetry, AD 550-1350'' (Edinburgh: Canongate, 1998), pp. 91-93.</ref> These afford some evidence that Gwallog was a king of [[Elmet]].<ref>''The Poems of Taliesin'', ed. by Ifor Williams, trans. by J. E. Caerwyn Williams, Medieval and Modern Welsh Series, 3 (Dublin: The Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1968), p. lvii.</ref> If so, he was apparently succeeded by [[Ceretic of Elmet|Ceredig]], the last king of Elmet, who was deposed by [[Edwin of Northumbria|St. Edwin]] of [[Northumbria|Deira]]; this would be consistent with the appearance of a 'Ceretic, son of Gwallawg' in one of the [[Welsh Triads]]. However, as evidence for sixth-century historical realities, this evidence is very tenuous.<ref>Tim Clarkson, 'The ''Gododdin'' Revisited', ''The Heroic Age'', 1 (1999), http://www.heroicage.org/issues/1/hatf.htm.</ref>