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==Common communications services (CCS)==
'''Common Communications Services''' defined the methods by which heterogeneous systems communicated. CCS depended on [[IBM Advanced Program-to-Program Communication|''Advanced Program-to-Program Communications'']], also known as APPC or [[IBM LU6.2|LU6.2]], [[Systems Network Architecture]] (SNA) [[PU2.1]] or ''Low Entry Networking'' for [[peer-to-peer]] networking, and ''SNA Management Services'' for network control.<ref name=Linnell />{{rp|p.52}}
Three types of data links were supported:<ref name=Linnell />{{rp|pp.56–58}}
* [[Synchronous Data Link Control]] (SDLC) high speed [[wide area network]]snetworks
* [[X.25]] packet-switched networks
* [[Token Ring]] [[local area network]]snetworks (LAN)
'''Application Services'''<ref name=Linnell />{{rp|pp.58–59}} were provided by:
* CCS supported [[IBM 3270]] data streams, mainly for existing devices
* [[Document Content Architecture]] specified a format for documents to be exchanged among different word processors and other software
* [[IBM Intelligent Printer Data Stream (IPDS)|Intelligent Printer Data Stream (IPDS)]] was a page description language like Xerox [[Interpress]] or Adobe [[PostScript]]
* [[Snads|SNA Distribution Services (SNADS)]] for [[store and forward]] document transmission
* Document Interchange Architecture (DIA) for electronic mail
* [[Distributed Data Management Architecture]] (DDM) for file sharing and as the base architecture of DRDA
* [[DRDA|Distributed Relational Database Architecture]] (DRDA) for sharing relational databases
==Common applications==
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