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According to the [[International Labour Organization]] (ILO), national and local governments, as well as enterprises and other organisations have to rethink development strategies to cope with ongoing events such as [[globalization]]. In contrast to traditional development policies, Local Economic Development strategies promote local dialogue and enable people to be more proactive; help to make local institutions better contribute to development; make economic activity dependent on the comparative advantages of a specific territory, generating development by firms more capable to withstand changes in the global economic environment rather than top-down development imposed by national planners.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://learning.itcilo.org/entdev/led/pub/home.aspx?l=Eng&IdSezione=0 |title=LED |accessdate=2009-06-06 |url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070501123347/http://learning.itcilo.org/entdev/LED/pub/home.aspx?l=Eng&IdSezione=0 |archivedate=2007-05-01 }} ILO Website on LED</ref> Economic development activities in developing countries tend to be unidisciplinary, initiated and implemented by just one ministry or agency. An advantage of LED approaches is that they facilitate a multidisciplinary approach. [[South Africa]] has been particularly active in promoting the concept.<ref>http://led.public-hub.com/{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} The South African LED Network</ref>
=== Local economic development responses to the COVID-19 pandemic ===
With the COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictions impacting the economies of many cities and towns, local economic development responses played a particularly important role. Key approaches included support to keep businesses afloat during lockdowns and other restrictions, efforts to reactivate cities after restrictions eased, and a focus on long-term economic development. Lessons that emerged from the experience of the pandemic include the need to respond and iterate rapidly, the importance of collaboration between stakeholders and different tiers of government, and the need to maintain a focus on multiple time horizons, even in the midst of the crisis.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wear |first=Andrew |date=2023-01-01 |title=Economic development in a pandemic : Reflections from Melbourne, ‘the world’s most locked-down city’ |url=https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/hsp/jurr/2023/00000016/00000004/art00003 |journal=Journal of Urban Regeneration & Renewal |volume=16 |issue=4 |pages=375–384}}</ref>
===LED in South Africa: pro-poor vs. pro-growth===
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