|| In his work ''Essays on Automatics'' (1913), [[Leonardo Torres y Quevedo]] formulates what will be a new branch of engineering: [[automation]] and designed a Babbage type of calculating machine that used electromechanical parts which includedintroduced the idea of [[floating-point arithmetic|floating-point numberarithmetic]] representations.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.fano.co.uk/ludgate/|title=Percy Ludgate's Analytical Machine|website=fano.co.uk|at=''From Analytical Engine to Electronic Digital Computer: The Contributions of Ludgate, Torres, and Bush'' by Brian Randell, 1982, Ludgate: pp. 4–5, Quevedo: pp. 6, 11–13, Bush: pp. 13, 16–17|access-date=29 October 2018}}</ref>
