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A '''commitment scheme''' is a [[cryptographic primitive]] that allows one to commit to a chosen value (or chosen statement) while keeping it hidden to others, with the ability to reveal the committed value later.<ref name="Goldreich">[[Oded Goldreich]] (2001). ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20230323175232/https://www.wisdom.weizmann.ac.il/~oded/foc-book.html Foundations of Cryptography]'': Volume 1, Basic Tools. Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|0-521-79172-3}}.{{rp|224}}</ref> Commitment schemes are designed so that a party cannot change the value or statement after they have committed to it: that is, commitment schemes are ''binding''. Commitment schemes have important applications in a number of [[cryptographic protocol]]s including secure coin flipping, [[zero-knowledge proof]]s, and [[secure computation]].
A way to visualize a commitment scheme is to think of a sender as putting a message in a locked box, and giving the box to a receiver. The message in the box is hidden from the receiver, who cannot open the lock themselves. Since the receiver has the box, the message inside cannot be changed—merely revealed if the sender chooses to give them the key at some later time.
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