Character encodings in HTML: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 16:37, 22 February 2023

Revision as of 05:21, 19 June 2023

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First, the [[web server]] can include the character encoding or "<code>charset</code>" in the [[Hypertext Transfer Protocol]] (HTTP) <code>Content-Type</code> header, which would typically look like this:<ref>{{citation |chapter-url=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7231#section-3.1.1.5|chapter=Content-Type |title=Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content|publisher=[[IETF]] |date=June 2014 |doi=10.17487/RFC7231 |access-date=2014-07-30|editor-last1=Fielding |editor-last2=Reschke |editor-first1=R |editor-first2=J |last1=Fielding |first1=R. |last2=Reschke |first2=J. |s2cid=14399078 }}</ref>

<syntaxhighlight lang="http">

Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8

</syntaxhighlight>

This method gives the HTTP server a convenient way to alter document's encoding according to [[content negotiation]]; certain HTTP server software can do it, for example Apache with the [[List of Apache modules|module]] <code>mod_charset_lite</code>.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/en/mod/mod_charset_lite.html| title = Apache Module mod_charset_lite}}</ref>

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For HTML it is possible to include this information inside the <code>head</code> element near the top of the document:<ref name=html5charset/>

<!-- Please don't add a closing "/": that is incorrect here. -->

<syntaxhighlight lang="html4stricthtml">

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">

</syntaxhighlight>

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[[HTML5]] also allows the following syntax to mean exactly the same:<ref name=html5charset>{{citation |chapter-url=http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/document-metadata.html#specifying-the-documents-character-encoding |chapter=Specifying the document's character encoding |title=HTML5 |publisher=[[World Wide Web Consortium]] |date=14 December 2017 |access-date=2018-05-28}}</ref>

<!-- Please don't add a closing "/": that is unnecessary here. -->

<syntaxhighlight lang="html4stricthtml">

<meta charset="utf-8">

</syntaxhighlight>