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| logo = EBRD logo (2).png
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| image_caption = One Bank Street in [[Canary Wharf]], EBRD head office since 2022<ref>{{cite web |website=EBRD |url=https://www.ebrd.com/news/2022/ebrd-moves-london-headquarters-to-canary-wharf.html |date={{date|2022/10/03}} |title=EBRD moves London headquarters to Canary Wharf}}</ref>
[[File:European Bank for Reconstruction and Development Map.png|thumb|European Bank for Reconstruction and Development map]]
| type = [[International financial institution]]
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== History of the EBRD ==
[[File:European_Bank_for_Reconstruction_and_Development_Headquarters_(EBRD),_London,_United_Kingdom_02.jpg|thumb|175 Broadgate in London, the EBRD's head office between 1992 and 2022]]
Located in London, the EBRD was intended at its beginning to focus on the [[Transition economy|switch from centrally planned economy to market based economy]] in the [[Central and Eastern Europe|Central and Eastern European countries]] by investing in the private sector, mainly banks, industries and businesses, and by promoting policies that would favor them.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Lessambo |first=Felix I. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/919430034 |title=International financial institutions and their challenges : a global guide for future methods |date=2015 |isbn=978-1-137-52270-2 |___location=New York City, NY |oclc=919430034}}</ref> It was created as a result of the end of the Cold War because of particular issues regarding the international system in place, the historical and political context at the time.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Barria |first1=Lilian A. |last2=Roper |first2=Steven D. |year=2003 |title=Economic Transition in Latin American and Post-Communist Countries: A Comparison of Multilateral Development Banks |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1023/B:IJPS.0000031235.74193.a4 |journal=International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society |language=en |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=619–638 |doi=10.1023/B:IJPS.0000031235.74193.a4 |s2cid=154390301 |issn=0891-4486}}</ref> Furthermore, its recipient countries had to ensure that they would work towards "multi-party democracy and political pluralism"<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Shields |first=Stuart |date=2015 |title=Shields, S. (2015). The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the lessons from Eastern Central Europe for Middle East/North African Transition |url=https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/417244 |journal=Spectrum: Journal of Global Studies}}</ref> in which was considered as one of the main particularity of the EBRD distinguishing the latter from other financial institutions.<ref name=":0" /> Firstly, notably advocated by European political actors such as the French President [[François Mitterrand|Mitterrand]] in 1989, the idea of creating this financial institution involving the European countries started before the [[fall of the Berlin Wall]]. The reception of this proposition was mitigated depending on the country, for instance it received hostility from the British whereas the French were important proponents of the project and influenced the process.<ref name=":1"/> In January 1990, negotiations about the EBRD objectives, its lending policy regarding the public and private sectors, started and involved all the EU countries at the time, as well as various other European countries, non-European countries and representatives from the [[European Union|EU]] and the [[European Investment Bank]]. The [[Soviet Union]] was represented by its own delegation in the process and thus participated in the negotiations as well as the USA. Later on, because of dissensions on the political and economic objectives of the institution, the inclusion of the Soviet Union was threatened. Considered as short negotiations, the agreement (for reasons relating to the situation in Eastern Europe and to a wave of privatization across Europe) leading to its creation was signed on 29 May 1990 by actors such as 40 states as well as two European organizations<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Weber |first=Steven |date=1994 |title=Origins of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0020818300000801/type/journal_article |journal=International Organization |language=en |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=01–38 |doi=10.1017/S0020818300000801 |s2cid=153997471 |issn=0020-8183}}</ref> and by March 1991 took its first effects as the bank was inaugurated. The creation of the EBRD has led to the financing of various projects in the years following its first operations, for instance there were twenty projects in 1992 in which the EBRD provided financing worth [[European Currency Unit|ECU]] 2.1 billion.<ref name=":3"/>
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