Content deleted Content added
→Inflow: a picture |
m →Inflow: link |
||
Line 12:
==Inflow==
[[File:Manhole and sandbagging outside Cricketers Cottage - geograph.org.uk - 3874272.jpg|thumb|[[Sanitary manhole]] inflow due to a flood]]
Water entering sanitary sewers from inappropriate connections is called ''inflow''.<ref name="king"/> Typical sources include sump pumps, roof drains, cellar drains, and yard drains where urban features prevent surface runoff, and storm drains are not conveniently accessible or identifiable. Inflow tends to peak during precipitation events, and causes greater flow variation than infiltration. Peak flows caused by inflow may generate a [[foul flush]] of accumulated [[biofilm]] and sanitary solids scoured from the dry weather [[wetted perimeter]] of oversized sewers during peak flow [[turbulence]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://netlab.cs.ucla.edu/rrr/wiki-internal/files/sediment%20control.pdf |title=Sewer-Sediment Control: Overview of an EPA Wet-Weather Flow Research Program |last1=Fan |first1=Chi-Yuan |last2=Field |first2=Richard |last3=Lai |first3=Fu-hsiung |publisher=EPA and University of California, Los Angeles |access-date=12 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313121934/http://netlab.cs.ucla.edu/rrr/wiki-internal/files/sediment%20control.pdf |archive-date=13 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sources of inflow can sometimes be identified by [[smoke testing (mechanical)|smoke testing]]. Smoke is blown into the sewer during dry weather while observers watch for smoke emerging from yards, cellars, or roof gutters.<ref name="hammer">{{cite book |last=Hammer |first=Mark J. |title=Water and Waste-Water Technology |date=1975 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=0-471-34726-4 |pages=303-304, 441-442}}</ref>
| |||