Cognitive computing: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 13:14, 16 April 2023

Revision as of 20:24, 11 July 2023

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At present, there is no widely agreed upon definition for cognitive computing in either [[academia]] or industry.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|url=http://www.research.ibm.com/software/IBMResearch/multimedia/Computing_Cognition_WhitePaper.pdf|title=Computing, cognition and the future of knowing|last=Kelly III|first=Dr. John|date=2015|website=IBM Research: Cognitive Computing|publisher=IBM Corporation|access-date=February 9, 2016}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://synthexis.com/cognitive-computing/|title=Cognitive Computing|date=April 27, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gutierrez-Garcia |first1=J. Octavio |last2=López-Neri |first2=Emmanuel |s2cid=15229045 |title=Cognitive Computing: A Brief Survey and Open Research Challenges |journal=2015 3rd International Conference on Applied Computing and Information Technology/2nd International Conference on Computational Science and Intelligence |pages=328–333 |date=30 November 2015 |doi=10.1109/ACIT-CSI.2015.64 |isbn=978-1-4673-9642-4 }}</ref>

In general, the term cognitive computing has been used to refer to new hardware and/or software that [[Neuromorphic computing|mimics the functioning]] of the [[human brain]]<ref>Terdiman, Daniel (2014) .IBM's TrueNorth processor mimics the human brain.http://www.cnet.com/news/ibms-truenorth-processor-mimics-the-human-brain/</ref><ref>Knight, Shawn (2011). ''[http://www.techspot.com/news/45138-ibm-unveils-cognitive-computing-chips-that-mimic-human-brain.html IBM unveils cognitive computing chips that mimic human brain]'' TechSpot: August 18, 2011, 12:00 PM</ref><ref>Hamill, Jasper (2013). ''[https://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/08/08/ibm_unveils_computer_architecture_based_upon_your_brain/ Cognitive computing: IBM unveils software for its brain-like SyNAPSE chips]'' The Register: August 8, 2013</ref><ref name="Denning">{{cite journal|year=2014|title=Surfing Toward the Future|journal=Communications of the ACM|volume=57|issue=3|pages=26–29|doi=10.1145/2566967|author=Denning. P.J.|s2cid=20681733}}</ref><ref>{{cite documentthesis

| author = Dr. Lars Ludwig

| title = Extended Artificial Memory. Toward an integral cognitive theory of memory and technology.

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;Education: Even if cognitive computing can not take the place of teachers, it can still be a heavy driving force in the education of students. Cognitive computing being used in the classroom is applied by essentially having an assistant that is personalized for each individual student. This cognitive assistant can relieve the stress that teachers face while teaching students, while also enhancing the student’s learning experience over all.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://elearningindustry.com/artificial-intelligence-in-the-classroom-role|title=The Role Of Artificial Intelligence In The Classroom|last=Sears|first=Alec|date=April 14, 2018|website=ElearningIndustry|access-date=April 11, 2019}}</ref> Teachers may not be able to pay each and every student individual attention, this being the place that cognitive computers fill the gap. Some students may need a little more help with a particular subject. For many students, Human interaction between student and teacher can cause [[anxiety]] and can be uncomfortable. With the help of Cognitive Computer [[tutor]]s, students will not have to face their uneasiness and can gain the confidence to learn and do well in the classroom.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Coccoli |first1=Mauro |last2=Maresca |first2=Paolo |last3=Stanganelli |first3=Lidia |title=Cognitive computing in education |journal=Journal of e-Learning and Knowledge Society |date=21 May 2016 |volume=12 |issue=2 |url=https://www.learntechlib.org/p/173468/ }}</ref> While a student is in class with their personalized assistant, this assistant can develop various techniques, like creating lesson plans, to tailor and aid the student and their needs.

;Healthcare: Numerous tech companies are in the process of developing technology that involves cognitive computing that can be used in the medical field. The ability to classify and identify is one of the main goals of these cognitive devices.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dobrescu |first1=Edith Mihaela |last2=Dobrescu |first2=Emilian M. |title=Artificial Intelligence (Ai) - The Technology That Shapes The World |journal=Global Economic Observer |volume=6 |issue=2 |year=2018 |pages=71–81 |id={{ProQuest|2176184267}} |url=http://www.globeco.ro/wp-content/uploads/vol/split/vol_6_no_2/geo_2018_vol6_no2_art_006.pdf }}</ref> This trait can be very helpful in the study of identifying [[carcinogen]]s. This cognitive system that can detect would be able to assist the examiner in interpreting countless numbers of documents in a lesser amount of time than if they did not use Cognitive Computer technology. This technology can also evaluate information about the patient, looking through every medical record in depth, searching for indications that can be the source of their problems.

;Commerce: Together with Artificial Intelligence, it has been used in warehouse management systems  to collect, store, organize and analyze all related supplier data. All these aims at improving efficiency, enabling faster decision-making, monitoring inventory and fraud detection<ref>{{Cite web |title=Smart Procurement Technologies for the Construction Sector |url=https://publication.sipmm.edu.sg/smart-procurement-technologies-construction-sector/ |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=publication.sipmm.edu.sg |date=October 25, 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref>

;Human Cognitive Augmentation: In situations where humans are using or working collaboratively with cognitive systems, called a human/cog ensemble, results achieved by the ensemble are superior to results obtainable by the human working alone. Therefore, the human is cognitively augmented.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fulbright |first1=Ron |title=Democratization of Expertise: How Cognitive Systems Will Revolutionize Your Life |date=2020 |publisher=CRC Press |___location=Boca Raton, FL |isbn=978-0367859459}}</ref><ref>{{cite journalbook |last1=Fulbright |first1=Ron |title=Augmented Cognition |chapter=Calculating Cognitive Augmentation – A Case Study |journal=Augmented Cognition. Lecture Notes in Computer Science |series=Lecture Notes in Computer Science |date=2019 |volume=11580 |pages=533–545 |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-22419-6_38 |arxiv=2211.06479 |isbn=978-3-030-22418-9 |s2cid=195891648 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22419-6_38}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fulbright |first1=Ron |title=On Measuring Cognition and Cognitive Augmentation |journal=Human Interface and the Management of Information. Information in Applications and Services. Lecture Notes in Computer Science |series=Lecture Notes in Computer Science |date=2018 |volume=10905 |pages=494–507 |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-92046-7_41 |arxiv=2211.06477 |isbn=978-3-319-92045-0 |s2cid=51603737 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92046-7_41}}</ref> In cases where the human/cog ensemble achieves results at, or superior to, the level of a human expert then the ensemble has achieved synthetic expertise.<ref>{{cite journalbook |last1=Fulbright |first1=Ron |title=Synthetic Expertise |journal=Augmented Cognition. Human Cognition and Behavior. Lecture|chapter=Synthetic Notes in Computer ScienceExpertise |series=Lecture Notes in Computer Science |date=2020 |volume=12197 |pages=27–48 |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-50439-7_3 |arxiv=2212.03244 |isbn=978-3-030-50438-0 |s2cid=220519330 |url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-50439-7_3}}</ref> In a human/cog ensemble, the "cog" is a cognitive system employing virtually any kind of cognitive computing technology.

;Other use cases