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Note that the average of the gradient <math>\nabla I</math> inside the window is '''not''' a good indicator of anisotropy. Aligned but oppositely oriented gradient vectors would cancel out in this average, whereas in the structure tensor they are properly added together.<ref>
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</ref> This is a reason for why <math>(\nabla I)(\nabla I)^\text{T}</math> is used in the averaging of the structure tensor to optimize the direction instead of <math>\nabla I</math>.
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