Spectrogram: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 02:07, 15 February 2023

Revision as of 05:56, 27 July 2023

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* Early analog spectrograms were applied to a wide range of areas including the study of bird calls (such as that of the [[great tit]]), with current research continuing using modern digital equipment<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.birdsongs.it/index.asp|title=BIRD SONGS AND CALLS WITH SPECTROGRAMS ( SONOGRAMS ) OF SOUTHERN TUSCANY ( Toscana – Italy )|website=www.birdsongs.it|access-date=7 April 2018}}</ref> and applied to all animal sounds. Contemporary use of the digital spectrogram is especially useful for studying [[frequency modulation]] (FM) in animal calls. Specifically, the distinguishing characteristics of FM chirps, broadband [[Clicking noise|clicks]], and social harmonizing are most easily visualized with the spectrogram.

* Spectrograms are useful in assisting in overcoming speech deficits and in speech training for the portion of the population that is profoundly [[hearing impairment|deaf]]<ref>{{cite journal|title=A wearable tactile sensory aid for profoundly deaf children|first1=Frank A.|last1=Saunders|first2=William A.|last2=Hill|first3=Barbara|last3=Franklin|date=1 December 1981|journal=Journal of Medical Systems|volume=5|issue=4|pages=265–270|doi=10.1007/BF02222144|pmid=7320662|s2cid=26620843}}</ref>

* The studies of [[phonetics]] and [[speech synthesis]] are often facilitated through the use of spectrograms.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cslu.cse.ogi.edu/tutordemos/SpectrogramReading/spectrogram_reading.html|title=Spectrogram Reading|website=ogi.edu|access-date=7 April 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19990427185722/http://cslu.cse.ogi.edu/tutordemos/SpectrogramReading/spectrogram_reading.html |archive-date=27 April 1999}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/praat/|title=Praat: doing Phonetics by Computer|website=www.fon.hum.uva.nl|access-date=7 April 2018}}</ref>

* In deep learning-keyed speech synthesis, spectrogram (or spectrogram in [[mel scale]]) is first predicted by a seq2seq model, then the spectrogram is fed to a neural vocoder to derive the synthesized raw waveform.

* By reversing the process of producing a spectrogram, it is possible to create a signal whose spectrogram is an arbitrary image. This technique can be used to hide a picture in a piece of audio and has been employed by several [[electronic music]] artists.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bastwood.com/aphex.php|title=The Aphex Face – bastwood|website=www.bastwood.com|access-date=7 April 2018}}</ref> See also [[steganography]].