2018 in science: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 01:55, 11 July 2023

Revision as of 21:33, 28 July 2023

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* 5 April – [[Odilorhabdin]]s, a novel class of naturally-produced [[antibiotics]], is formally described.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Lucile Pantel |display-authors=etal |title=Odilorhabdins, Antibacterial Agents that Cause Miscoding by Binding at a New Ribosomal Site |volume=70 |issue=1 |pages=83–94.e7 |journal=Cell |doi=10.1016/j.molcel.2018.03.001 |pmid=29625040| date=5 April 2018|doi-access=free }}</ref>

* 10 April – Researchers in Japan report finding centuries' worth of [[Rare-earth element|rare-earth metals]] in deep sea mud, located near [[Minami-Tori-shima]] in the northwest Pacific.<ref>{{cite journal |title=The tremendous potential of deep-sea mud as a source of rare-earth elements|date=10 April 2018|journal=Scientific Reports |volume=8|issue=1|pages=5763|bibcode=2018NatSR...8.5763T|last1=Takaya|first1=Yutaro|last2=Yasukawa|first2=Kazutaka|last3=Kawasaki|first3=Takehiro|last4=Fujinaga|first4=Koichiro|last5=Ohta|first5=Junichiro|last6=Usui|first6=Yoichi|last7=Nakamura|first7=Kentaro|last8=Kimura|first8=Jun-Ichi|last9=Chang|first9=Qing|last10=Hamada|first10=Morihisa|last11=Dodbiba|first11=Gjergj|last12=Nozaki|first12=Tatsuo|last13=Iijima|first13=Koichi|last14=Morisawa|first14=Tomohiro|last15=Kuwahara|first15=Takuma|last16=Ishida|first16=Yasuyuki|last17=Ichimura|first17=Takao|last18=Kitazume|first18=Masaki|last19=Fujita|first19=Toyohisa|last20=Kato|first20=Yasuhiro|doi=10.1038/s41598-018-23948-5|pmid=29636486|pmc=5893572}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=A massive, 'semi-infinite' trove of rare-earth metals has been found in Japan|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/04/12/japan-rare-earths-huge-deposit-of-metals-found-in-pacific.html|date=12 April 2018|website=CNBC |access-date=12 April 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Japan team maps 'semi-infinite' trove of rare earth elements|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2018/04/11/national/japan-team-maps-semi-infinite-trove-rare-earth-elements/|date=11 April 2018|journal=The Japan Times Online|access-date=12 April 2018 }}</ref>

* 11 April – Two studies, both published in ''Nature'',<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Anomalously weak Labrador Sea convection and Atlantic overturning during the past 150 years|date=11 April 2018|journal=Nature |volume=556|issue=7700|pages=227–230|doi=10.1038/s41586-018-0007-4|pmid=29643484|last1=Thornalley|first1=David J. R.|last2=Oppo|first2=Delia W.|author-link2=Delia Oppo|last3=Ortega|first3=Pablo|last4=Robson|first4=Jon I.|last5=Brierley|first5=Chris M.|last6=Davis|first6=Renee|last7=Hall|first7=Ian R.|last8=Moffa-Sanchez|first8=Paola|last9=Rose|first9=Neil L.|last10=Spooner|first10=Peter T.|last11=Yashayaev|first11=Igor|last12=Keigwin|first12=Lloyd D.|bibcode=2018Natur.556..227T|s2cid=4771341|url=http://dro.dur.ac.uk/27618/1/27618.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=Observed fingerprint of a weakening Atlantic Ocean overturning circulation|date=11 April 2018|journal=Nature |volume=556|issue=7700|pages=191–196|doi=10.1038/s41586-018-0006-5|pmid=29643485|last1=Caesar|first1=L.|last2=Rahmstorf|first2=S.|last3=Robinson|first3=A.|last4=Feulner|first4=G.|last5=Saba|first5=V.|bibcode=2018Natur.556..191C|s2cid=4781781|url=http://mural.maynoothuniversity.ie/13174/1/CL-geography_observed.pdf}}</ref> find that the warm Atlantic [[Gulf Stream]] is at its weakest for at least 1,600 years.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Gulf Stream current at its weakest in 1,600 years, studies show |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/apr/11/critical-gulf-stream-current-weakest-for-1600-years-research-finds |date=12 April 2018|journal=The Guardian |access-date=12 April 2018 |last1=EditorCarrington |first1=Damian Carrington Environment }}</ref>

* 17 April – Engineers at MIT develop a new more efficient method of producing long strips of graphene.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.mit.edu/2018/manufacturing-graphene-rolls-ultrathin-membranes-0418|title=A graphene roll-out|date=17 April 2018|website=MIT|access-date=19 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.siliconrepublic.com/machines/mass-produce-graphene-solved|title=MIT may have just solved how to mass-produce graphene|date=19 April 2018|website=Silicon Republic|access-date=19 April 2018}}</ref>

* 18 April

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*26 April

**Scientists report that a [[letter of intent]] was signed by [[NASA]] and [[ESA]] which may provide a basis for sample return missions to other planets, including [[Mars sample return mission]]s, with the purpose of better studying the possible existence of past or present [[Extraterrestrial life|extraterrestrial]] [[Earliest known life forms|primitive life forms]], including [[microorganisms]].<ref name="BBC-20180426">{{cite news |last=Rincon |first=Paul |title=Space agencies intent on mission to deliver Mars rocks to Earth |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-43907326 |date=26 April 2018 |work=[[BBC News]] |access-date=26 April 2018 }}</ref><ref name= NASAmars>{{cite web|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/resources/21666/bringing-mars-back-to-earth/|title=Bringing Mars Back To Earth| work= NASA Science |date=26 April 2018 }}</ref><ref name="NASA-20180426">{{cite web |author=Staff |title=Video (02:22) – Bringing Mars Back To Earth |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ie3-UwPLUho |date=26 April 2018 |website=[[NASA]] |access-date=27 April 2018 }}</ref>

**Scientists identify 44 gene variants linked to increased risk for [[Depression (mood)|depression]].<ref>{{Cite news |title='Gene map for depression' sparks hopes of new generation of treatments |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/apr/26/gene-map-for-depression-sparks-hopes-of-new-generation-of-treatments|date=26 April 2018|journal=The Guardian|access-date=27 April 2018 |last1=EditorSample|first1=Ian Sample Science}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Unprecedented study identifies 44 genetic risk factors for major depression |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-04/kcl-usi042518.php|date=26 April 2018|website=EurekAlert!|access-date=27 April 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=Genome-wide association analyses identify 44 risk variants and refine the genetic architecture of major depression |date=26 April 2018 |journal=Nature Genetics |volume=50 |issue=5 |pages=668–681 |doi=10.1038/s41588-018-0090-3 |pmid=29700475 |pmc=5934326 |last1=Wray |first1=Naomi R.|author-link1=Naomi Wray |last2=Ripke |first2=Stephan |last3=Mattheisen |first3=Manuel |last4=Trzaskowski |first4=Maciej |last5=Byrne |first5=Enda M. |last6=Abdellaoui |first6=Abdel |last7=Adams |first7=Mark J. |last8=Agerbo |first8=Esben |last9=Air |first9=Tracy M. |last10=Andlauer |first10=Till M. F. |last11=Bacanu |first11=Silviu-Alin |last12=Bækvad-Hansen |first12=Marie |last13=Beekman |first13=Aartjan F. T. |last14=Bigdeli |first14=Tim B. |last15=Binder |first15=Elisabeth B. |last16=Blackwood |first16=Douglas R. H. |last17=Bryois |first17=Julien |last18=Buttenschøn |first18=Henriette N. |last19=Bybjerg-Grauholm |first19=Jonas |last20=Cai |first20=Na |last21=Castelao |first21=Enrique |last22=Christensen |first22=Jane Hvarregaard |last23=Clarke |first23=Toni-Kim |last24=Coleman |first24=Jonathan I. R. |last25=Colodro-Conde |first25=Lucía |last26=Couvy-Duchesne |first26=Baptiste |last27=Craddock |first27=Nick |last28=Crawford |first28=Gregory E. |last29=Crowley |first29=Cheynna A. |last30=Dashti |first30=Hassan S. |display-authors=5}}</ref>

** The [[Belle II experiment]] starts taking data to study [[B meson]]s.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.kek.jp/en/newsroom/2018/04/26/0700/|title=Electrons and Positrons Collide for the first time in the SuperKEKB Accelerator|date=26 April 2018|access-date=28 April 2018}}</ref>

*27 April – [[Stephen Hawking]]'s final paper – ''[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FJHEP04%282018%29147 A smooth exit from eternal inflation?]'' – is published in the ''[[Journal of High Energy Physics]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-05/erc-hlp043018.php|title=Hawking's last paper co-authored with ERC grantee posits new cosmology|work=EurekAlert!|date=2 May 2018|access-date=3 May 2018}}</ref>