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Voss' 2008 article explained that Ende's book was not the "escapist literature" of pure fantasy, as had always been assumed, in part from Ende's own frequent warnings about hiding messages in books. Voss identified numerous literary references in the book, some which reverse the Nazi indoctrination of Ende's youth and others, which stem from his interest in Darwin and draw on English culture and history.<ref name="faz-jv1" />
Darwin's first book, ''[[The Voyage of the Beagle]]'', contains passages about [[Jemmy Button]],<ref name="faz-jv1" /> a teenaged native Fuegian who was sold for a mother-of-pearl button and brought to England,<ref>[http://www.patagonia-argentina.com/i/content/fitzroy.php "The Captain's Experiment"] patagonia-argentina.com Retrieved 1 August 2011</ref><ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A2458280 "The Return of Fuegia Basket, Jemmy Button, and York Minster"] BBC (22 June 2004). Retrieved 1 August 2011</ref> an island nation. Darwin describes Button's character and demeanor<ref name="faz-jv1" /> and relates details about his capture and sale, explaining his unusual name, and about his return to his homeland, two years later.<ref group=note>There were three other young Fuegians captured along with Jemmy Button, given unusual English names and brought to England. One died shortly after arriving in England. The other two, York Minster and [[Fuegia Basket]], were returned to their home along with Jemmy Button. (See [https://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A2458280 "The Return of Fuegia Basket, Jemmy Button, and York Minster"])</ref>
=== British references ===
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