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When [[John Stewart Bell]] originally derived his inequality, it was in relation to pairs of entangled [[spin-1/2]] particles, every one of those emitted being detected. Bell showed that when detectors are rotated with respect to each other, local realist models must yield a correlation curve that is bounded by a straight line between maxima (detectors aligned), whereas the [[quantum correlation]] curve is a cosine relationship. The first [[Bell test]]s were performed not with spin-1/2 particles, but with photons, which have spin 1. A classical local hidden-variable prediction for photons, based on [[Maxwell's equations]], yields a [[cosine]] curve, but of reduced amplitude, such that the curve still lies within the straight-line limits specified in the original Bell inequality.
Bell's theorem assumes that measurement settings are completely independent, and not in principle determined by the universe at large. If this assumption, called statistical independence, were to be incorrect, as proposed in [[superdeterminism]], conclusions drawn from Bell's theorem may be invalidated. The theorem also relies on very efficient and space-like separated measurements. Such flaws are generally called ''[[Loopholes in Bell tests|loopholes]]''.
==Bell tests with no "non-detections"==
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