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A '''data model'''<ref>{{cite web|title= UML Domain Modeling - Stack Overflow|url= https://stackoverflow.com/a/3835214|website= Stack Overflow|publisher= Stack Exchange Inc.|access-date= 4 February 2017}}</ref><ref name="w3cxpath">{{cite web|title= XQuery and XPath Data Model 3.1|url= https://www.w3.org/TR/xpath-datamodel-3/|website= World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)|publisher= W3C|access-date= 4 February 2017}}</ref><ref name="npmdatamodel">{{cite web|title= DataModel|url= https://www.npmjs.com/package/datamodel|website= npm|publisher= npm, Inc.|access-date= 4 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= DataModel (Java EE 6)|url= http://docs.oracle.com/javaee/6/api/javax/faces/model/DataModel.html|website= Java Documentation|publisher= Oracle|access-date= 4 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1= Ostrovskiy|first1= Stan|title= iOS: Three ways to pass data from Model to Controller|url= https://medium.com/ios-os-x-development/ios-three-ways-to-pass-data-from-model-to-controller-b47cc72a4336#.ma7pr7no7|website= Medium|publisher= A Medium Corporation|access-date= 4 February 2017}}</ref> is an [[abstract model]] that organizes elements of [[data]] and [[Standardization|standardizes]] how they relate to one another and to the properties of real-world [[Entity|entities]]. For instance, a data model may specify that the data element representing a car be composed of a number of other elements which, in turn, represent the color and size of the car and define its owner.
The corresponding professional activity is called generally ''[[data modeling]]'' or, more specifically, ''[[database design]]''.▼
▲The corresponding professional activity is called generally ''[[data modeling]]'' or, more specifically, ''[[database design]]''.
The term '''''data model''''' can refer to two distinct but closely related concepts. Sometimes it refers to an abstract formalization of the [[Object (philosophy)|objects]] and relationships found in a particular application ___domain: for example the customers, products, and orders found in a manufacturing organization. At other times it refers to the set of concepts used in defining such formalizations: for example concepts such as entities, attributes, relations, or tables. So the "data model" of a banking application may be defined using the entity–relationship "data model". This article uses the term in both senses.▼
Data models are typically specified by a data expert, data specialist, data scientist, data librarian, or a data scholar.
Michael R. McCaleb (1999). [http://nvl.nist.gov/pub/nistpubs/jres/104/4/html/j44mac.htm#apa "A Conceptual Data Model of Datum Systems"] {{Webarchive
|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080921063005/http://nvl.nist.gov/pub/nistpubs/jres/104/4/html/j44mac.htm#apa |date= 2008-09-21
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== Overview ==
▲The term '''''data model''''' can refer to two distinct but closely related concepts. Sometimes it refers to an abstract formalization of the [[Object (philosophy)|objects]] and relationships found in a particular application ___domain: for example the customers, products, and orders found in a manufacturing organization. At other times it refers to the set of concepts used in defining such formalizations: for example concepts such as entities, attributes, relations, or tables. So the "data model" of a banking application may be defined using the entity–relationship "data model". This article uses the term in both senses.
Managing large quantities of structured and [[unstructured data]] is a primary function of [[information system]]s. Data models describe the structure, manipulation, and integrity aspects of the data stored in data management systems such as relational databases. They may also describe data with a looser structure, such as [[Word processor|word processing]] documents, [[Email|email messages]], pictures, digital audio, and video: [[XQuery and XPath Data Model|XDM]], for example, provides a data model for [[XML]] documents.
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