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In terms of optimal spacing between the path and motorist lanes, it is generally practice to use 2–5 meters at signalised crossings and one car length >5 m at unsignalised intersections. Providing more buffer space allows vehicles, particularly those turning out of smaller roads, to queue in the waiting area. On the other hand, larger buffers could place the cyclist at a less optimal viewing point from the mainline, and delay the signal operation due to longer distances necessitating slightly longer bicycle signal yellow and all red clearance intervals. The exact optimal distance has been the subject of several studies.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Schepers|first=Paul|date=2011|title=Road factors and bicycle–motor vehicle crashes at unsignalised priority intersections|url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2010.11.005|journal=Accident Analysis and Prevention|volume=43|issue=3|pages=853–861|doi=10.1016/j.aap.2010.11.005|pmid=21376876|via=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Richter|first1=Thomas|last2=Sachs|first2=Janina|date=2017-01-01|title=Turning accidents between cars and trucks and cyclists driving straight ahead|journal=Transportation Research Procedia|series=World Conference on Transport Research - WCTR 2016 Shanghai. 10–15 July 2016|language=en|volume=25|pages=1946–1954|doi=10.1016/j.trpro.2017.05.219|issn=2352-1465|doi-access=free}}</ref>
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[[File:Protected intersection features.png|thumb|Features of a protected signalised intersection]]
Signal-controlled junctions are less sustainably safe as they normally prioritised the movement of motor vehicles. However, if they are used, they can be designed to provide full protection for those cycling. Cyclists ideally have a [[Cycle track|protected cycle track]] on the approach to the intersection, separated by a concrete median with splay [[curb]]s if possible, and have a protected bicycle lane width of at least 2 meters if possible (one way). In the Netherlands, most one way cycle paths are at least 2.5 meters wide.<ref>{{cite web|date=2015-10-01|title=How wide is a Dutch cycle path? | BICYCLE DUTCH|url=https://bicycledutch.wordpress.com/2011/06/30/how-wide-is-a-dutch-cycle-path/|access-date=2018-04-04|publisher=Bicycledutch.wordpress.com}}</ref>
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