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The '''net protein utilization''', or '''NPU''', is the percentage of ingested nitrogen that is retained in the body. It is used to determine the nutritional efficiency of protein in the diet,<ref name=EFSA2012>{{cite journal |title=Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for protein: Dietary Reference Values for protein |journal=EFSA Journal |date=February 2012 |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=2557 |doi=10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2557|s2cid=139100064 |hdl=2434/257730 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>{{rp|p=11}} that is, it is used as a measure of "protein quality" for human nutritional purposes.<ref>[https://labdoor.com/article/protein-quality-the-4-most-important-metrics Protein Quality–The 4 Most Important Metrics]</ref>
As a value, NPU can range from 0 to 1 (or 100), with a value of 1 (or 100) indicating 100% utilization of dietary nitrogen as protein and a value of 0 an indication that none of the nitrogen supplied was converted to protein.
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