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===Controversy===
There are some disagreements between researchers about the future capabilities of optical computers; whether or not they may be able to compete with semiconductor-based electronic computers in terms of speed, power consumption, cost, and size is an open question. Critics note that<ref name="Tucker">{{cite journal |first=R.S. |last=Tucker |title=The role of optics in computing |journal=Nature Photonics |volume=4 |issue=7 |pages=405 |date=2010 |doi=10.1038/nphoton.2010.162 |bibcode=2010NaPho...4..405T |doi-access=free }}</ref> real-world logic systems require "logic-level restoration, cascadability, [[fan-out]] and input–output isolation", all of which are currently provided by electronic transistors at low cost, low power, and high speed. For optical logic to be competitive beyond a few niche applications, major breakthroughs in non-linear optical device technology would be required, or perhaps a change in the nature of computing itself.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Rajan|first1=Renju|last2=Babu|first2=Padmanabhan Ramesh|last3=Senthilnathan|first3=Krishnamoorthy|title=All-Optical Logic Gates Show Promise for Optical Computing|url=https://www.photonics.com/a63226/All-Optical_Logic_Gates_Show_Promise_for_Optical|website=Photonics|publisher=Photonics Spectra|access-date=8 April 2018}}</ref>
==Misconceptions, challenges, and prospects==
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