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=== Non-coding RNA ===
Transcriptomics is most commonly applied to the mRNA content of the cell. However, the same techniques are equally applicable to non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that are not translated into a protein, but instead have direct functions (e.g. roles in [[Translation (genetics)|protein translation]], [[DNA replication]], [[RNA splicing]], and [[transcriptional regulation]]).<ref name="#1883196">{{cite journal | vauthors = Noller HF | title = Ribosomal RNA and translation | journal = Annual Review of Biochemistry | volume = 60 | pages = 191–227 | date = 1991 | pmid = 1883196 | doi = 10.1146/annurev.bi.60.070191.001203 }}</ref><ref name="#16943439">{{cite journal | vauthors = Christov CP, Gardiner TJ, Szüts D, Krude T | title = Functional requirement of noncoding Y RNAs for human chromosomal DNA replication | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biology | volume = 26 | issue = 18 | pages = 6993–7004 | date = September 2006 | pmid = 16943439 | pmc = 1592862 | doi = 10.1128/MCB.01060-06 }}</ref><ref name="#16357227">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kishore S, Stamm S | title = The snoRNA HBII-52 regulates alternative splicing of the serotonin receptor 2C | journal = Science | volume = 311 | issue = 5758 | pages = 230–2 | date = January 2006 | pmid = 16357227 | doi = 10.1126/science.1118265 | bibcode = 2006Sci...311..230K | s2cid = 44527461 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="#15851066">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hüttenhofer A, Schattner P, Polacek N | title = Non-coding RNAs: hope or hype? | journal = Trends in Genetics | volume = 21 | issue = 5 | pages = 289–97 | date = May 2005 | pmid = 15851066 | doi = 10.1016/j.tig.2005.03.007 }}</ref> Many of these ncRNAs affect disease states, including cancer, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases.<ref name="#22094949">{{cite journal | vauthors = Esteller M | title = Non-coding RNAs in human disease | journal = Nature Reviews Genetics | volume = 12 | issue = 12 | pages = 861–74 | date = November 2011 | pmid = 22094949 | doi = 10.1038/nrg3074 | s2cid = 13036469 }}</ref>
== Transcriptome databases ==
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