IBM System/360 Model 67: Difference between revisions

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{{further|System/360|History of IBM}}

{{use American English|date=September 2022}}

{{use MDYmdy dates|date=September 2022}}

{{Infobox information appliance

| name = IBM System/360 Model 67

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Three basic configurations were available for the IBM System/360 model 67:

* Simplex—one IBM 2067-1 processor, two to four IBM 2365-2 Processor Storage components (512K to 1M bytes), up to seven data channels, and other peripherals. This system was called the IBM System/360 model 67-167–1.

* Half-duplex—one IBM 2067-2 processor, two to four IBM 2365-12 Processor Storage components (512K to 1M bytes), one IBM 2167 Configuration Unit, one or two IBM 2846 Channel Controllers, up to fourteen data channels, and other peripherals.

* Duplex—two IBM 2067-2 processors, three to eight IBM 2365-12 Processor Storage components (768K to 2M bytes), one IBM 2167 Configuration Unit, one or two IBM 2846 Channel Controllers, up to fourteen data channels, and other peripherals.

A half-duplex system could be upgraded in the field to a duplex system by adding one IBM 2067-2 processor and the third IBM 2365-12 Processor Storage, unless the half-duplex system already had three or more. The half-duplex and duplex configurations were called the IBM System/360 model 67-267–2.

== Operating systems ==

{{Further2Further-text|[[History of IBM mainframe operating systems]]|[[TSS/360]]|[[CP/CMS]]|[[Michigan Terminal System|MTS]]|[[VP/CSS]]}}

When the S/360-67 was announced in August 1965, IBM also announced [[TSS/360]], a time-sharing operating system project that was canceled in 1971 (having also been canceled in 1968, but reprieved in 1969). IBM subsequently modified TSS/360 and offered the TSS/370 [[Request price quotation|PRPQ]]<ref>{{cite manualbook

| title = TSS/370 User Data

| id = GX28-6400-3

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The S/360-67 had an important legacy. After the failure of [[TSS/360]], IBM was surprised by the blossoming of a time-sharing community on the S/360-67 platform ([[CP/CMS]], [[Michigan Terminal System|MTS]], [[MUSIC/SP|MUSIC]]). A large number of commercial, academic, and service bureau sites installed the system. By taking advantage of IBM's lukewarm support for time-sharing, and by sharing information and resources (including source code modifications), they built and supported a generation of time-sharing centers.

The unique features of the S/360-67 were initially ''not'' carried into IBM's next product series, the [[System/370]], although the [[IBM System/370 Model 145|370/145]] had an [[Content-addressable memory|associative memory]] that appeared more useful for paging than for its ostensible purpose.<ref name=SY24-3581-1>{{cite manualbook

| url = http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/370/fe/3145/SY24-3581-1_3145_Processing_Unit_Theory-Maintenance_Oct71.pdf

| title = IBM Maintenance Library 3145 Processing Unit Theory - Maintenance

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However, IBM faced increasing customer demand for time-sharing and virtual memory capabilities. IBM also could not ignore the large number of S/360-67 time-sharing installations &ndash; including the new industry of [[time-sharing]] vendors, such as [[National CSS]]<ref>[http://www.computerhistory.org/corphist/documents/doc-42ae226a5a4a1.pdf "A technical history of National CSS"], Harold Feinleib, Computer History Museum (March 2005)</ref><ref>[http://www.computerhistory.org/corphist/documents/doc-422fd82791f26.pdf "From the very beginning... from my vantage point — early history of National CSS"], Dick Orenstein, Computer History Museum (January 2005)</ref> and [[Interactive Data Corporation]] (IDC),<ref>Varian, op. cit., pp. 24, Note 76 – IDC systems (quoting Dick Bayles)</ref> that were quickly achieving commercial success.

In 1972, IBM added virtual memory features to the S/370 series, a move seen by many as a vindication of work done on the S/360-67 project; the microcode in the 370/145 was updated to use the associative memory for virtual address translation.<ref name=SY24-3581-4>{{cite manualbook

| url = http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/370/fe/3145/SY24-3581-4_3145_Processor_Theory_Maintenance.pdf

| title = IBM Maintenance Library 3145 Processing Unit Theory - Maintenance

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==References==

* E.W. Pugh, L.R. Johnson, and John H. Palmer, ''IBM's 360 and early 370 systems,'' MIT Press, Cambridge MA and London, {{ISBN|0-262-16123-0}}, includes extensive (819&nbsp;''pp.'') treatment of IBM's offerings during this period

* Melinda Varian, [http://www.princeton.edu/~melinda/25paper.pdf ''VM and the VM community, past present, and future''], SHARE 89 Sessions 9059-90619059–9061, 1997

;'''S360'''

:{{cite manualbook

| title = IBM System/360 Principles of Operation

| edition = Eighth

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}}

;func67

:{{Cite manualbook

| title = IBM System/360 Model 67 Functional Characteristics

| id = GA27-2719-2

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==External links==

* A. Padegs, [http://www.research.ibm.com/journal/rd/255/ibmrd2505D.pdf "System/360 and Beyond"], ''IBM Journal of Research & Development, vol. 25 no. 5, pp.'' 377-390377–390, September 1981

* [http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pdf/ibm/360/systemSummary/GA22-6810-12_360sysSumJan74.pdf ''IBM System/360 System Summary''], thirteenth edition, January 1974, IBM publication GA22-6810-12, pages 6–13 to 6-15 describe the model 67

* [http://archive.michigan-terminal-system.org/documentation/documents/IBM360-67RefCard.pdf IBM System/360 Model 67 Reference Data (Blue card)]