Control theory: Difference between revisions

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[[File:Boulton and Watt centrifugal governor-MJ.jpg|thumb|right|[[Centrifugal governor]] in a [[Boulton & Watt engine]] of 1788]]

Although control systems of various types date back to antiquity, a more formal analysis of the field began with a dynamics analysis of the [[centrifugal governor]], conducted by the physicist [[James Clerk Maxwell]] in 1868, entitled ''On Governors''.<ref name="Maxwell1867">{{cite journal|author=Maxwell, J.C.|year=1868|title=On Governors|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society of London|volume=16|pages=270–283|doi=10.1098/rspl.1867.0055|jstor=112510|doi-access=free}}<!--| access-date = 2008-04-14--></ref> A centrifugal governor was already used to regulate the velocity of windmills.<ref>{{cite web| title = Control Theory: History, Mathematical Achievements and Perspectives|url=https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/doc/10.1.1.302.5633|author1=Fernandez-Cara, E. |author2=Zuazua, E. |publisher=Boletin de la Sociedad Espanola de Matematica Aplicada|id={{CiteSeerX|10.1.1.302.5633}}|issn=1575-9822}}</ref> Maxwell described and analyzed the phenomenon of [[self-oscillation]], in which lags in the system may lead to overcompensation and unstable behavior. This generated a flurry of interest in the topic, during which Maxwell's classmate, [[Edward John Routh]], abstracted Maxwell's results for the general class of linear systems.<ref name=Routh1975>{{cite book

| author = Routh, E.J.

|author2=Fuller, A.T.