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Since ''N'' is odd, then ''c'' and ''d'' are also odd, so those halves are integers. (A multiple of four is also a difference of squares: let ''c'' and ''d'' be even.)
In its simplest form, Fermat's method might be even slower than trial division (worst case). Nonetheless, the combination of trial division and Fermat's is more effective than either by itself.
==Basic method==
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