Modi script: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 16:42, 26 September 2023

Revision as of 20:17, 29 September 2023

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{{GOCEinuse}}{{Short description|Historical script used in the Maratha Empire}}

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{{Infobox writing system

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'''Modi''' ({{lang-mr|मोडी}}, {{Script|Modi|𑘦𑘻𑘚𑘲}} {{IAST|Mōḍī}}, {{IPA-mr|moːɖiː}}; also '''Mudiya''')<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KnPoYxrRfc0C&q=%22mudiya+script%22&pg=PA3898 |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature Volume V|last=Sahitya |first=Akademi |publisher=Sahitya Akademi New Delhi |year=1992 |isbn=81-260-1221-8 |page=3898}}</ref> is a script used to write the [[Marathi language]], which is the primary language spoken in the state of [[Maharashtra]], [[western India|India]]. There are multiple theories concerning its origin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2017 |title=Krishnaji Mhatre – A life dedicated to Modi |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/other/krishnaji-mhatre-a-life-dedicated-to-modi/articleshow/61192544.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810173220/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/other/krishnaji-mhatre-a-life-dedicated-to-modi/articleshow/61192544.cms |archive-date=10 August 2020 |access-date=10 August 2020 |website=Mumbai Mirror |language=en}}</ref> The Modi script was used alongside the [[Devanagari|Devanagari script]] to write Marathi until the 20th century when the [[Balbodh]] style of the [[Devanagari|Devanagari script]] was promoted as the standard writing system for Marathi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sohoni |first=Pushkar |date=May 2017 |title=Marathi of a Single Type: The demise of the Modi script |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/modern-asian-studies/article/marathi-of-a-single-type-the-demise-of-the-modi-script/184EC94C15CF5A58E6CD0CA39A83DB64 |journal=Modern Asian Studies |language=en |volume=51 |issue=3 |pages=662–685 |doi=10.1017/S0026749X15000542 |s2cid=148081127 |issn=0026-749X}}</ref>

== Etymology ==

The name '"Modi''"'' perhapsmay derivesbe derived from the [[Marathi language|Marathi]] verb ''moḍaṇe'' ([[Marathi language|Marathi]]: मोडणे), which means "to bend or break". Modi is believed to be derived from broken Devanagari characters, which lends support to that particular etymology.<ref name=prop>{{cite web |url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2011/11212r2-n4034-modi.pdf |title=N4034: Proposal to Encode the Modi Script in ISO/IEC 10646 |first1=Anshuman |last1=Pandey |publisher=ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 |date=5 November 2011}}</ref>

It is not to be confused with the name [[Modi (surname)|Modi]].

== Origin theories ==

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==== Refinement subtheory ====

The Modi script already existed in the 13th century.; Itit was refined and introduced as an official script for Marathi by Hemāḍpant.<ref name="ty"/>

==== Sri Lanka subtheory ====

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=== Proto-Modi ===

The proto-Modi style, or ''ādyakālīn (आद्यकालीन)'', style appearsappeared in the 12th century.

=== Yādav Era ===

The YadavYādav Era style, or ''yādavkālīn (यादव कालीन)'', emerged as a distinct style in the 13th century during the [[Seuna (Yadava) dynasty|Yādav Dynasty]].

=== Bahamanī Era ===

The Bahamanī Era style, or ''bahamanīkālīn (बहमनी कालीन)'', appeared in the 14th–16th centuries during the years of the [[Bahmani Sultanate]].

=== Shivaji Era ===

In Shivaji Era, or ''shivakālīn (शिव कालीन)'', which was during the 17th century, the Chitnisi style of the Modi script developed.

=== Peshwa Era ===

In the [[Peshwa|Peshwa Era]], or ''peshvekālīn (पेशवे कालीन)'', various Modi styles proliferated during the time of the Maratha Empire and lasted until 1818. The distinct styles of Modi used during this period arewere Chitnisi, Bilavalkari, Mahadevapanti, and Ranadi. Even though all of these were quite popular, [[Chitnis]]i was the most prominent and frequently used script offor Modi writing.

=== British Colonial Era ===

The [[British Raj|British Colonialcolonial]] era, or the ''ānglakālīn (आंग्ल कालीन)'', iswas the final stage of the Modi script's evolution. It is associated with [[British Raj|British rule]] and was used from 1818 to 1952. On 25 July 1917, the [[Bombay Presidency]] decided to replace the Modi script with the Balbodh style of Devnagari as the primary script of administration for the sake of convenience and uniformity with the other areas of the presidency. The Modi script continued to be taught in schools until several decades later and continued to be used as an alternate script to the Balbodh style of Devnagari{{Citation needed|reason=Your explanation here|date=May 2017}}. The script was still widely used up until the 1940s by the people of older generation for personal and financial uses.

=== Post-independence Era ===