Latent and observable variables: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 05:49, 2 October 2023

Revision as of 16:08, 2 October 2023

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Latent variables, as created by factor analytic methods, generally represent "shared" variance, or the degree to which variables "move" together. Variables that have no correlation cannot result in a latent construct based on the common [[Factor analysis|factor model]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Tabachnick |first1=B.G. |last2=Fidell |first2=L.S. |title=Using Multivariate Analysis |publisher=Allyn and Bacon |___location=Boston |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-321-05677-1 }}{{Page needed|date=November 2010}}</ref>

* The "[[Big Five personality traits]]" have been [[Inference|inferred]] using [[factor analysis]].

* [[Extraversion and introversion|extraversion]]<ref name="status">{{cite journal |last1=Borsboom |first1=D. |author2-link=Gideon J. Mellenbergh |last2=Mellenbergh, G.J. |last3=van Heerden |first3=J. |title=The Theoretical Status of Latent Variables |journal=Psychological Review |volume=110 |issue=2 |pages=203–219 |year=2003 |doi=10.1037/0033-295X.110.2.203 |pmid=12747522 |url=http://rhowell.ba.ttu.edu/BorsboomLatentvars2003.pdf |citeseerx=10.1.1.134.9704 |access-date=2008-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120044039/http://rhowell.ba.ttu.edu/BorsboomLatentvars2003.pdf |archive-date=2013-01-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

* [[spatial ability]]<ref name="status"/>

* [[Wisdom]]wisdom “Two of the more predominant means of assessing wisdom include wisdom-related performance and latent variable measures.”<ref name="wisdom">{{cite journal |last1=Greene |first1=Jeffrey A. |last2=Brown |first2=Scott C. |title=The Wisdom Development Scale: Further Validity Investigations |journal=International Journal of Aging and Human Development |volume=68 |issue=4 |pages=289–320 (at p. 291) |year=2009 |pmid=19711618 |doi=10.2190/AG.68.4.b }}</ref>

* [[DIKW pyramid]]

* [[data]]

* [[information]]

* [[knowledge]]

* [[Wisdom]] “Two of the more predominant means of assessing wisdom include wisdom-related performance and latent variable measures.”<ref name="wisdom">{{cite journal |last1=Greene |first1=Jeffrey A. |last2=Brown |first2=Scott C. |title=The Wisdom Development Scale: Further Validity Investigations |journal=International Journal of Aging and Human Development |volume=68 |issue=4 |pages=289–320 (at p. 291) |year=2009 |pmid=19711618 |doi=10.2190/AG.68.4.b }}</ref>

* [[Spearman's g]], or the [[g factor (psychometrics)|general intelligence factor]] in [[psychometrics]]<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Spearman | first1 = C. | author-link = Charles Spearman| title = "General Intelligence," Objectively Determined and Measured | journal = The American Journal of Psychology | volume = 15 | issue = 2 | pages = 201–292 | doi = 10.2307/1412107 | year = 1904 | jstor = 1412107 }}</ref>

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* [[Item response theory]]

[[Analysis]] [[Logical conjunction|and]] [[inference]] [[methods]] [[Inclusion|include]]:

* [[Principal component analysis]]

* [[Instrumentation|Instrumented]] [[principal component analysis]]<ref>Kelly, Bryan T. and Pruitt, Seth and Su, Yinan, Instrumented Principal Component Analysis (December 17, 2020). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2983919 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2983919</ref>

* [[Partial least squares regression]]

* [[Latent semantic analysis]] [[Logical conjunction|and]] [[probabilistic latent semantic analysis]]

* [[EM algorithm]]s

* [[Metropolis–Hastings algorithm]]

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===Bayesian algorithms and methods===

[[Bayesian statistics]] is often [[used]] [[For loop|for]] [[Inference|inferring]] [[Latency|latent]] [[Variables sampling plan|variables]].

* [[Latent Dirichlet allocation]]

* The [[Chinese restaurant process]] is often [[Use|used]] to [[provide]] a [[Priority queue|prior]] [[distribution]] over [[Assignment|assignments]] of [[Object|objects]] to [[Latency|latent]] [[Category|categories]].

* The [[Indian buffet process]] is often [[Use|used]] to [[provide]] a [[Prioritya queue|prior]] [[distribution]] over [[Assignment|assignments]] of [[Latency|latent]] [[binary]] [[Feature|features]] to [[Object|objects]].

==See also==