Image sensor format: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 10:35, 6 September 2023

Revision as of 22:47, 6 October 2023

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=== {{anchor|Table of sensor sizes}}Table of sensor formats and sizes ===

[[File:Ov6920-01.jpg|thumb|Different Sizes of [[Omnivision]] CMOS sensors An OV7910 (1/3") and three OV6920 (1/18") sensors, both types with [[composite video]] ([[NTSC]]) outputs.]]

Sensor sizes are expressed in inches notation because at the time of the popularization of digital image sensors they were used to replace [[video camera tube]]s. The common 1" outside diameter circular video camera tubes have a rectangular photo sensitive area about {{val|16&nbsp;|u=mm}} on the diagonal, so a digital sensor with a {{val|16&nbsp;|u=mm}} diagonal size is a 1" video tube equivalent. The name of a 1" digital sensor should more accurately be read as "one inch video camera tube equivalent" sensor. Current digital image sensor size descriptors are the video camera tube equivalency size, not the actual size of the sensor. For example, a 1" sensor has a diagonal measurement of {{val|16&nbsp;|u=mm}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Making (some) sense out of sensor sizes|url=http://www.dpreview.com/news/2002/10/7/sensorsizes|work=Digital Photography Review|access-date=29 June 2012|author=Staff|date=7 October 2002}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Image Sensor Format |url=http://www.spotimaging.com/resources/glossary/image-sensor-format.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150326051941/http://www.spotimaging.com/resources/glossary/image-sensor-format.php |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 March 2015 |work=Imaging Glossary Terms and Definitions |publisher=SPOT IMAGING SOLUTIONS |access-date=3 June 2015 |author=Staff }}</ref>

Sizes are often expressed as a fraction of an inch, with a one in the numerator, and a decimal number in the denominator. For example, 1/2.5 converts to 2/5 as a [[Fraction (mathematics)#Simple.2C common.2C or vulgar fractionsfraction|simple fraction]], or 0.4 as a decimal number. This "inch" system gives a result approximately 1.5 times the length of the diagonal of the sensor. This "[[optical format]]" measure goes back to the way image sizes of video cameras used until the late 1980s were expressed, referring to the outside diameter of the glass envelope of the [[video camera tube]]. [[David Pogue]] of ''The New York Times'' states that "the actual sensor size is much smaller than what the camera companies publish – about one-third smaller." For example, a camera advertising a 1/2.7" sensor does not have a sensor with a diagonal of {{cvt|0.37"|in|mm}}; instead, the diagonal is closer to {{cvt|0.26"|in|mm}}.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/23/technology/personaltech/23pogue.html?ref=technology | work=The New York Times | first=David | last=Pogue | title=Small Cameras With Big Sensors, and How to Compare Them | date=2010-12-22}}</ref><ref name="dpreview-sensor-sizes" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dpreview.com/articles/8095816568/sensorsizes|title=Making (Some) sense out of sensor sizes}}</ref> Instead of "formats", these sensor sizes are often called ''types'', as in "1/2-inch-type CCD."

Due to inch-based sensor formats not being standardized, their exact dimensions may vary, but those listed are typical.<ref name="dpreview-sensor-sizes">{{cite web

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{| styleclass="width:wikitable 100%;sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align: center;" class="wikitable sortable"

|+ Sensor format types and dimensions

! Type !! Diagonal (mm) !! Width (mm) !! Height (mm) !! Aspect Ratio !! Area (mm²) !! [[F-number#Stops, f-stop conventions, and exposure|Stops]] (area)<ref>Defined here as the equivalent number of stops lost (or gained, if positive) due to the area of the sensor relative to a full 35&nbsp;frame (36×24mm). Computed as <math>Stops=\log_{2} \left ( \frac{Area_{sensor}}{Area_{35mm}} \right )</math></ref>!![[Crop factor]]<ref>Defined here as the ratio of the diagonal of a full 35&nbsp;frame to that of the sensor format, that is <math>CF=\frac{diag_{35mm}}{diag_{sensor}}</math>.</ref>

|-

! scope="col" | Type

|1/10"

! scope="col" | Diagonal (mm)

|1.60||1.28||0.96||4:3||1.23||-9.46||27.04

! scope="col" | Width (mm)

! scope="col" | Height (mm)

! scope="col" | Aspect Ratio

! scope="col" | Area (mm{{sup|2}})

! Typescope="col" !! Diagonal (mm) !! Width (mm) !! Height (mm) !! Aspect Ratio !! Area (mm²) !!| [[F-number#Stops, f-stop conventions, and exposure|Stops]] (area)<ref>Defined here as the equivalent number of stops lost (or gained, if positive) due to the area of the sensor relative to a full {{val|35&nbsp;|u=mm}} frame (36×24mm{{val|36|x|24|u=mm}}). Computed as <math display="inline">\mathrm{Stops}=\log_{2} \left ( \frac{\mathrm{Area_{sensor}}}{\mathrm{Area_{35mm35\ mm}}} \right )</math></ref>!![[Crop factor]]<ref>Defined here as the ratio of the diagonal of a full 35&nbsp;frame to that of the sensor format\, that is <math>CF=\frac{diag_{35mm}}{diag_{sensor}}.</math>.</ref>

! scope="col" | [[Crop factor]]<ref>Defined here as the ratio of the diagonal of a full {{val|35|u=mm}} frame to that of the sensor format, that is <math display="inline">\mathrm{CF} = \frac{\mathrm{diag_{35\ mm}}}{\mathrm{diag_{sensor}}}\,.</math></ref>

|-

! scope="row" | 1/10"

|1/8"

|21.0060||1.6028||10.2096||4:3||1.9223||{{val|-89.8146}}||2127.6504

|-

! scope="row" | 1/8"

|1/6" (Panasonic SDR-H20, SDR-H200)

|32.00||21.4060||1.8020||4:3||41.3292||{{val|-78.6481}}||1421.1465

|-

! scope="row" | 1/6" (Panasonic SDR-H20, SDR-H200)

|1/4"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.photoreview.com.au/tips/buying/unravelling-sensor-sizes|title=Unravelling Sensor Sizes – Photo Review|website=www.photoreview.com.au|access-date=2016-09-22}}</ref>

|43.5000||32.6040||21.7080||4:3||94.7232||{{val|-67.4764}}||1014.8114

|-

! scope="row" | 1/4"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.photoreview.com.au/tips/buying/unravelling-sensor-sizes|title=Unravelling Sensor Sizes – Photo Review|website=www.photoreview.com.au|access-date=2016-09-22}}</ref>

|1/3.6" ([[Nokia Lumia 720]])<ref>{{Citation

|14.6050||13.2860||02.9670||4:3||19.2372||{{val|-96.4647}}||2710.0481

|-

! scope="row" | 1/3.6" ([[Nokia Lumia 720]])<ref>{{Citation

| publisher = GSMArena.com

| title = Nokia Lumia 720 – Full phone specifications

Line 264 ⟶ 273:

| access-date=2013-09-21

| url = http://www.gsmarena.com/nokia_lumia_720-5321.php}}</ref>

|5.00||4.00||3.00||4:3||12.0||{{val|-6.17}}||8.65

|-

! scope="row" | 1/3.2" ([[iPhone 5]])<ref>{{Citation

| publisher = Gizmag

| title = Camera sensor size: Why does it matter and exactly how big are they?

Line 272 ⟶ 281:

| access-date=2013-06-19

| url = http://www.gizmag.com/camera-sensor-size-guide/26684/}}</ref>

|5.68||4.54||3.42||4:3||15.50||{{val|-5.80}}||7.61

|-

! scope="row" | 1/3.09" Sony [[EXMOR]] IMX351<ref name=Sony-IMX351>{{cite web |url=https://www.sony-semicon.co.jp/products/common/pdf/ProductBrief_IMX351_20171109.pdf |title=Diagonal 5.822 mm (Type 1/3.09) 16Mega-Pixel CMOS Image Sensor with Square Pixel for Color Cameras |publisher=Sony |access-date=16 October 2019 |archive-date=16 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016162110/https://www.sony-semicon.co.jp/products/common/pdf/ProductBrief_IMX351_20171109.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

|5.82||4.66||3.5||4:3||16.3||{{val|-5.73}}||7.43

|-

! scope="row" | ''Standard [[8 mm film#Standard 8|8 mm film]] frame''

|5.94||4.8||3.5||11:8||16.8||{{val|-5.68}}||7.28

|-

! scope="row" | 1/3" ([[iPhone 5S]], [[iPhone 6]], [[LG G3]]<ref>{{Citation | publisher = PhoneArena | url = http://www.phonearena.com/phones/compare/Apple-iPhone-6,Apple-iPhone-5,Apple%20iPhone%206%20Plus/phones/8346,7378,8908 | title = Comparison of iPhone Specs }}</ref>)

|6.00||4.80||3.60||4:3||17.30||{{val|-5.64}}||7.21

|-

! scope="row" | 1/2.9" Sony [[EXMOR]] IMX322<ref name="Sony-IMX322">{{cite web

|url=https://dashcamtalk.com/cams/lk-7950-wd/Sony_IMX322.pdf

|title=Diagonal 6.23 mm (Type 1/2.9) CMOS Image Sensor with Square Pixel for Color Cameras

Line 289 ⟶ 298:

|date=2015

|access-date=3 April 2019}}</ref>

|6.23||4.98||3.74||4:3||18.63||{{val|-5.54}}||6.92

|-

! scope="row" | 1/2.7" Fujifilm 2800 Zoom

|6.72||5.37||4.04||4:3||21.70||{{val|-5.32}}||6.44

|-

! scope="row" | [[Super 8 film|''Super 8 mm film'']]'' frame''

|7.04||5.79||4.01||13:9||23.22||{{val|-5.22}}||6.15

|-

! scope="row" | 1/2.5" ([[Nokia Lumia 1520]], [[Sony Cyber-shot DSC-T5]], [[iPhone XS]]<ref name="iPhoneXSMax">{{cite web

|url=https://www.dpreview.com/news/1564509739/iphone-xs-max-teardown-reveals-new-sensor-with-more-focus-pixels

|title=iPhone XS Max teardown reveals new sensor with more focus pixels

Line 303 ⟶ 312:

|date=27 September 2018

|access-date=1 March 2019}}</ref>)

|7.18||5.76||4.29||4:3||24.70||{{val|-5.13}}||6.02

|-

! scope="row" | 1/2.3" ([[Pentax Q]], Sony Cyber-shot DSC-W330, [[GoPro]] HERO3, Panasonic HX-A500, Google Pixel/Pixel+, DJI Phantom 3<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dji.com/phantom-3-pro|title=Phantom 3 Professional - Let your creativity fly with a 4K camera in the sky. - DJI|website=DJI Official|access-date=2019-12-01}}</ref>/Mavic 2 Zoom<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dji.com/support/product/mavic-2|title=DJI - The World Leader in Camera Drones/Quadcopters for Aerial Photography|website=DJI Official|access-date=2019-12-01}}</ref>), Nikon [[Nikon Coolpix P1000|P1000]]/[[Nikon Coolpix P900|P900]]

|7.66||6.17||4.55||4:3||28.50||{{val|-4.94}}||5.64

|-

! scope="row" | 1/2.3" Sony Exmor IMX220<ref name="Sony-IMX220">{{cite web

|url=https://www.sony-semicon.co.jp/products_en/IS/sensor1/img/products/ProductBrief_IMX220_20140910.pdf

|title=Diagonal 7.87mm (Type 1/2.3) 20.7M Pixel CMOS Image Sensor with Square Pixel for Color Cameras

Line 318 ⟶ 327:

|url-status=dead

}}</ref>

|7.87||6.30||4.72||4:3||29.73||{{val|-4.86}}||5.49

|-

! scope="row" | 1/2" ([[Fujifilm HS30EXR]], [[Xiaomi Mi 9]], [[OnePlus 7]], Espros EPC 660, DJI Mavic Air 2)

|8.00||6.40||4.80||4:3||30.70||{{val|-4.81}}||5.41

|-

! scope="row" | 1/1.8" ([[Nokia N8]]) (Olympus C-5050, C-5060, C-7070)

|8.93||7.18||5.32||4:3||38.20||{{val|-4.50}}||4.84

|-

! scope="row" | 1/1.7" ([[Pentax Q7]], Canon G10, G15, [[Huawei P20 Pro]], [[Huawei P30 Pro]], [[Huawei Mate 20 Pro]])

|9.50||7.60||5.70||4:3||43.30||{{val|-4.32}}||4.55

|-

! scope="row" | 1/1.6" (Fujifilm f200exr [https://www.digicamdb.com/specs/fujifilm_finepix-f200exr/])

|10.07||8.08||6.01||4:3||48.56||{{val|-4.15}}||4.30

|-

! scope="row" | 2/3" ([[Lumia 1020|Nokia Lumia 1020]], [http://www.imaging-resource.com/PRODS/XS1/XS1A.HTM Fujifilm X10], X20, XF1)

|11.00||8.80||6.60||4:3||58.10||{{val|-3.89}}||3.93

|-

! scope="row" | 1/1.33" ([[Samsung Galaxy S20 Ultra]])<ref>{{cite web

|url=https://www.dpreview.com/news/0799990809/samsung-officially-unveils-108mp-isocell-bright-hmx-mobile-camera-sensor

|title=Samsung officially unveils 108MP ISOCELL Bright HMX mobile camera sensor

Line 342 ⟶ 351:

|access-date=16 Feb 2021

}}</ref>

|12||9.6||7.2||4:3||69.12||{{val|-3.64}}||3.58

|-

! scope="row" | ''Standard [[16 mm film#Standard 16 mm|16 mm film]] frame''

|12.70||10.26||7.49||11:8||76.85||{{val|-3.49}}||3.41

|-

! scope="row" | 1/1.2" ([[Nokia 808 PureView]])

|13.33||10.67||8.00||4:3||85.33||{{val|-3.34}}||3.24

|-

! scope="row" | 1/1.12" ([[Xiaomi Mi 11 Ultra]])

|14.29||11.43||8.57||4:3||97.96||??? ||3.03

|-

! scope="row" | [[Blackmagic Cinema Camera|Blackmagic Pocket Cinema Camera]] & Blackmagic Studio Camera

|14.32||12.48||7.02||16:9||87.6||{{val|-3.30}}||3.02

|-

! scope="row" | ''[[16 mm film#Super 16 mm|Super 16 mm film]] frame''

|14.54||12.52||7.41||5:3||92.80||{{val|-3.22}}||2.97

|-

! scope="row" | 1" ([[Nikon CX format|Nikon CX]], [[Sony RX100]], [[RX10|Sony RX10]], [[ZV1|Sony ZV1]], [[Samsung NX mini|Samsung NX Mini]])

|15.86||13.20||8.80||3:2||116||{{val|-2.89}}||2.72

|-

! scope="row" | 1" [[Digital Bolex]] d16

|16.00||12.80||9.60||4:3||123||{{val|-2.81}}||2.70

|-

! scope="row" | 1.1" Sony IMX253<ref name="Sony-IMX253">{{cite web

|url=https://www.sony-semicon.co.jp/products_en/IS/sensor0/img/product/cmos/IMX253_255LLR_LQR_Flyer.pdf

|title=Diagonal 17.6 mm (Type 1.1) Approx. 12.37M-Effective Pixel Monochrome and Color CMOS Image Sensor

Line 375 ⟶ 384:

|url-status=dead

}}</ref>

|17.46||14.10||10.30||11:8||145||{{val|-2.57}}||2.47

|-

! scope="row" | [[Blackmagic Cinema Camera|Blackmagic Cinema Camera EF]]

|18.13||15.81||8.88||16:9||140||{{val|-2.62}}||2.38

|-

! scope="row" | [[Blackmagic Cinema Camera|Blackmagic Pocket Cinema Camera 4K]]

|21.44||18.96||10||19:10||190||{{val|-2.19}}||2.01

|-

! scope="row" | [[Four Thirds system|Four Thirds]], [[Micro Four Thirds system|Micro Four Thirds]] ("4/3", "m4/3")

|21.60||17.30||13||4:3||225||{{val|-1.94}}||2.00

|-

! scope="row" | [[Blackmagic Cinema Camera|Blackmagic Production Camera/URSA/URSA Mini 4K]]

|24.23||21.12||11.88||16:9||251||{{val|-1.78}}||1.79

|-

! scope="row" | 1.5" [[Canon PowerShot G1 X Mark II]]

|23.36||18.70||14||4:3||262||{{val|-1.72}}||1.85

|-

! scope="row" | "35mm" [[Techniscope|2 Perf Techniscope]]

|23.85||21.95||9.35||7:3||205.23||{{val|-2.07}}||1.81

|-

! scope="row" | original [[Foveon X3 sensor|Sigma Foveon X3]]

|24.90||20.70||13.80||3:2||286||{{val|-1.60}}||1.74

|-

! scope="row" | [[Red Digital Cinema Camera Company|RED]] DRAGON 4.5K (RAVEN)

|25.50||23.00||10.80||19:9||248.4||{{val|-1.80}}||1.66

|-

! scope="row" | "Super 35mm" [[Techniscope|2 Perf]]

|26.58||24.89||9.35||8:3||232.7||{{val|-1.89}}||1.62

|-

! scope="row" | Canon [[EF-S]], [[APS-C]]

|26.82||22.30||14.90||3:2||332||{{val|-1.38}}||1.61

|-

! scope="row" | ''Standard [[35mm movie film|35 mm film]] frame (movie)''

|27.20||22.0||16.0||11:8||352||{{val|-1.30}}||1.59

|-

! scope="row" | [[Blackmagic Cinema Camera|Blackmagic URSA Mini/Pro 4.6K]]

|29||25.34||14.25||16:9||361||{{val|-1.26}}||1.49

|-

! scope="row" | [[APS-C]] ([[Sony A-mount|Sony &alpha;]], [[Sony E-mount|Sony E]], [[Nikon DX format|Nikon DX]], [[Pentax K mount|Pentax K]], [[Samsung NX-mount|Samsung NX]], [[Fujifilm X-mount|Fuji X]])

|28.2–28.4||23.6–23.7||15.60||3:2||368–370||{{val|-1.23}} to {{val|-1.22}}||1.52–1.54

|-

! scope="row" | ''[[Super 35]] mm film 3 perf''

|28.48||24.89||13.86||9:5||344.97||{{val|-1.32}}||1.51

|-

! scope="row" | [[Red Digital Cinema Camera Company|RED]] DRAGON 5K S35

|28.9||25.6||13.5||17:9||345.6||{{val|-1.32}}||1.49

|-

! scope="row" | ''[[Super 35]]mm film 4 perf''

|31.11||24.89||18.66||4:3||464||{{val|-0.90}}||1.39

|-

! scope="row" | Canon [[APS-H]]

|33.50||27.90||18.60||3:2||519||{{val|-0.74}}||1.29

|-

! scope="row" | ARRI ALEV III ([[Arri Alexa|ALEXA SXT]], [[Arri Alexa|ALEXA MINI]], AMIRA), RED HELIUM 8K S35

|33.80||29.90||15.77||17:9||471.52||{{val|-0.87}}||1.28

|-

! scope="row" | [[Red Digital Cinema Camera Company|RED]] DRAGON 6K S35

|34.50||30.7||15.8||35:18||485.06||{{val|-0.83}}||1.25

|-scope=row style="background:#ddd;"

! scope="row" | [[Full-frame digital SLR|35 mm film full-frame]], ([[Canon EF lens mount|Canon EF]], [[Nikon F-mount|Nikon FX]], [[Pentax K-1]], [[Sony A-mount|Sony &alpha;]], [[Sony E-mount|Sony FE]], [[Leica M (Typ 240)|Leica M]])

|43.1–43.3||35.8–36||23.9–24||3:2||856–864||'''0'''||'''1.0'''

|-

! scope="row" | [[Arri Alexa|ARRI ALEXA]] LF

|44.71||36.70||25.54||13:9||937.32||+0.12||0.96

|-

! scope="row" | [[Red Digital Cinema Camera Company|RED]] MONSTRO 8K VV, [[Panavision]] Millenium DXL2

|46.31||40.96||21.60||17:9||884.74||+0.03||0.93

|-

! scope="row" | [[Leica Camera#S (medium format dSLR) series|Leica S]]

|54||45||30||3:2||1350||+0.64||0.80

|-

! scope="row" | [[Pentax 645D]], Hasselblad X1D-50c, Hasselblad H6D-50c, CFV-50c, Fuji GFX 50S

<ref>

{{cite web

Line 464 ⟶ 473:

|55||43.8||32.9||4:3||1452||+0.75||0.78

|-

! scope="row" | [[70 mm film#Technical specifications|''Standard 65/70 mm'']]'' film frame''

|57.30||52.48||23.01||7:3||1208||+0.48||0.76

|-

! scope="row" | [[Arri Alexa|ARRI ALEXA]] 65

|59.86||54.12||25.58||19:9||1384.39||+0.68||0.72

|-

! scope="row" | Kodak KAF 39000 CCD<ref>{{Citation

| publisher = KODAK

| title = KODAK KAF-39000 IMAGE SENSOR, DEVICE PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION

Line 478 ⟶ 487:

| 61.30 || 49 || 36.80 || 4:3 || 1803 || +1.06 || 0.71

|-

! scope="row" | Leaf AFi 10

| 66.57 || 56 || 36 || 14:9 || 2016 || +1.22 || 0.65

|-

! scope="row" | [[Medium format (film)|Medium-format]] ([[Hasselblad]] H5D-60c, Hasselblad H6D-100c)<ref>{{Citation

| publisher = B&H PHOTO VIDEO

| title = Hasselblad H5D-60 medium-format DSLR camera

Line 488 ⟶ 497:

| 67.08 || 53.7 || 40.2 || 4:3 || 2159 || +1.32 || 0.65

|-

! scope="row" | Phase One [[Phase One (company)|P 65+]], IQ160, IQ180

| 67.40 || 53.90 || 40.40 || 4:3 || 2178 || +1.33 || 0.64

|-

! scope="row" | Medium-format 6×4.5 cm (also called ''645 format'')

| 70 || 42 || 56 || 3:4 || 2352 || +1.44 || 0.614

|-

! scope="row" | Medium-format 6×6 cm

| 79 || 56 || 56 || 1:1|| 3136 || +1.86 || 0.538

|-

! scope="row" | [[70 mm film#IMAX .2815.2F70.29|''IMAX'']]'' film frame''

|87.91||70.41||52.63||4:3||3706||+2.10||0.49

|-

! scope="row" | Medium-format 6×7 cm

| 89.6 || 70 || 56 || 5:4 || 3920 || +2.18 || 0.469

|-

! scope="row" | Medium-format 6×8 cm

| 94.4 || 76 || 56 || 3:4 || 4256 || +2.30 || 0.458

|-

! scope="row" | Medium-format 6×9 cm

| 101 || 84 || 56 || 3:2 || 4704 || +2.44 || 0.43

|-

! scope="row" | Large-format film 4×5 inch

| 150 || 121 || 97 || 5:4 || 11737 || +3.76 || 0.29

|-

! scope="row" | Large-format film 5×7 inch

| 210 || 178 || 127 || 7:5 || 22606 || +4.71 || 0.238

|-

! scope="row" | Large-format film 8×10 inch

| 300 || 254 || 203 || 5:4 || 51562 || +5.90 || 0.143

|}