Cangjie input method: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Chinese keyboard entry system}}

{{Infobox Chinese|pic=倉頡輸入法 拆碼.jpg|picsize=300px|piccap=Coding of "{{zhi|c=倉頡輸入法}}" (i.e. Cangjie method) in [[traditional Chinese characters]]|t=倉頡輸入法|s=仓颉输入法|p=Cāngjié Shūrùfǎ|w=Ts'ang¹-chieh² Shu¹-ju⁴-fa³|j=Cong1kit3 Syu1jap6faat3|gr=Tsang Jye Shuruhfaa|mi={{IPAc-cmn|c|ang|1|j|ie|2|-|sh|u|1|r|u|4|f|a|3}}|y=Chōngkit Syūyahpfaat|i={{IPA-yue|tsʰɔ́ːŋ kɪ̄t ɕȳː jɐ̀p fāːt|}}|poj=Chhong-kiat Su-ji̍p-hoat|buc=Chŏng-kĭk Sṳ̆-ĭk-huák}}

{{cleanup-lang|date=October 2023}}

{{Chinese|pic=倉頡輸入法 拆碼.jpg|picsize=300px|piccap=Coding of "倉頡輸入法" (i.e. Cangjie method) in [[traditional Chinese characters]]|t=倉頡輸入法|s=仓颉输入法|p=Cāngjié Shūrùfǎ|w=Ts'ang¹-chieh² Shu¹-ju⁴-fa³|j=Cong1kit3 Syu1jap6faat3|gr=Tsang Jye Shuruhfaa|mi={{IPAc-cmn|c|ang|1|j|ie|2|-|sh|u|1|r|u|4|f|a|3}}|y=Chōngkit Syūyahpfaat|i={{IPA-yue|tsʰɔ́ːŋ kɪ̄t ɕȳː jɐ̀p fāːt|}}|poj=Chhong-kiat Su-ji̍p-hoat|buc=Chŏng-kĭk Sṳ̆-ĭk-huák}}

The '''Cangjie input method''' ('''Tsang-chieh input method''', sometimes called '''Changjie''', '''Cang Jie''', '''Changjei'''<ref>A spelling used as filename on [[ETen Chinese System]].</ref> or '''Chongkit''') is a system for entering [[Chinese characters]] into a [[computer]] using a standard [[computer keyboard]]. In [[filename]]s and elsewhere, the name Cangjie is sometimes abbreviated as cj.

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===Keys and "radicals"===

The basic character components in Cangjie are called "radicals" ({{zhi|c=字根}}) or "letters" ({{zhi|c=字母}}). There are 24 radicals but 26 keys; the 24 radicals (the '''basic shapes''' {{Lang-zh|c=|s=zhi|t=基本字形|labels=no}}) are associated with roughly 76 '''auxiliary shapes''' ({{Lang-zh|c=|s=zhi|t=輔助字形|labels=no}}), which in many cases are either rotated or transposed versions of components of the basic shapes. For instance, the letter A ({{Lang-zhzhi|c={{linktext|日}}|s=|t=|labels=no}}) can represent either itself, the slightly wider {{zhi|c=曰}}, or a 90° rotation of itself. (For a more complete account of the 76-odd transpositions and rotations than the ones listed below, see the [[b:zh:倉頡輸入法/輔助字形|article on Cangjie entry in Chinese Wikibooks]].)

The 24 keys are placed in four groups:

Line 30 ⟶ 29:

| rowspan="7"|Philosophical group

|A

|{{zhi|c=日}} sun

|{{zhi|c=日}}, {{zhi|c=曰}}, 90° rotated {{zhi|c=日}} (as in {{zhi|c=巴}})

|-

|B

|{{zhi|c=月}} moon

|the top four strokes of {{zhi|c=目}}; {{zhi|c=冂}}; {{zhi|c=爫}}; {{zhi|c=冖}}; the top and top-left part of {{zhi|c=炙}}, {{zhi|c=然}}, and {{zhi|c=祭}}; the top-left four strokes of {{zhi|c=豹}} and {{zhi|c=貓}}; and the top four strokes of {{zhi|c=骨}}

|-

|C

|{{zhi|c=金}} gold

|itself, {{zhi|c=丷}}, {{zhi|c=八}}, and the penultimate two strokes of {{zhi|c=四}} and {{zhi|c=匹}}

|-

|D

|{{zhi|c=木}} wood

|itself, the first two strokes of {{zhi|c=寸}} and {{zhi|c=才}}, the first two strokes of {{zhi|c=也}} and {{zhi|c=皮}}

|-

|E

|{{zhi|c=水}} water

|{{zhi|c=氵}}, the last five strokes of {{zhi|c=暴}} and {{zhi|c=康}}, {{zhi|c=又}}

|-

|F

|{{zhi|c=火}} fire

|the shape {{zhi|c=小}}, {{zhi|c=灬}}, the first three strokes in {{zhi|c=當}} and {{zhi|c=光}}

|-

|G

|{{zhi|c=土}} earth

| itself, or {{zhi|c=士}} for soldier

|-

| rowspan="7"|Stroke group

|H

|{{zhi|c=竹}} bamboo

({{zhi|c=斜}} apostrophe)

|The [[Eight Principles of Yong|slant]] and [[Eight Principles of Yong|short slant]], the [[Kangxi Dictionary|Kangxi]] [[radical (Chinese character)|radical]] {{zhi|c=竹}}, namely the upper parts in {{zhi|c=笨}} and {{zhi|c=節}}

|-

|I

|{{zhi|c=戈}} dagger axe ({{zhi|c=點}} dot)

|The [[Eight Principles of Yong|dot]], the first three strokes in {{zhi|c=床}} and {{zhi|c=庫}}, and the shape {{zhi|c=厶}}

|-

|J

|{{zhi|c=十}} ten ({{zhi|c=交}} cruciform)

|The cross shape and the shape {{zhi|c=宀}}

|-

|K

|{{zhi|c=大}} big ({{zhi|c=叉}} cross)

|The X shape, including {{zhi|c=乂}} and the first two strokes of {{zhi|c=右}}, as well as {{zhi|c=疒}}

|-

|L

|{{zhi|c=中}} centre ({{zhi|c=緃}} vertical)

|The [[Eight Principles of Yong|vertical stroke]], as well as {{zhi|c=衤}} and the first four strokes of {{zhi|c=書}} and {{zhi|c=盡}}

|-

|M

|{{zhi|c=一}} one ({{zhi|c=橫}} horizontal)

|The [[Eight Principles of Yong|horizontal stroke]], as well as the final stroke of {{zhi|c=孑}} and {{zhi|c=刁}}, the shape {{zhi|c=厂}}, and the shape {{zhi|c=工}}

|-

|N

|{{zhi|c=弓}} bow ({{zhi|c=鈎}} hook)

|The [[Eight Principles of Yong|crossbow]] and the [[Eight Principles of Yong|hook]]

|-

| rowspan="4"|Body parts group

|O

|{{zhi|c=人}} person

|The [[Eight Principles of Yong|dismemberment]]; the Kangxi radical {{zhi|c=人}}; the first two strokes of {{zhi|c=丘}} and {{zhi|c=乓}}; the first two strokes of {{zhi|c=知}}, {{zhi|c=攻}}, and {{zhi|c=氣}}; and the final two strokes of {{zhi|c=兆}}

|-

|P

|{{zhi|c=心}} heart

|The Kangxi radical {{zhi|c=忄}}; the second stroke in {{zhi|c=心}}; the last four strokes in {{zhi|c=恭}}, {{zhi|c=慕}}, and {{zhi|c=忝}}; the shape {{zhi|c=匕}}; the shape {{zhi|c=七}}; the penultimate two strokes in {{zhi|c=代}}; and the shape {{zhi|c=勹}}

|-

|Q

|{{zhi|c=手}} hand

|The Kangxi radical {{zhi|c=手}}

|-

|R

|{{zhi|c=口}} mouth

|The Kangxi radical {{zhi|c=口}}

|-

| rowspan="6"|Character shapes group

|S

|{{zhi|c=尸}} corpse

|{{zhi|c=匚}}, the first two strokes of {{zhi|c=己}}, the first stroke of {{zhi|c=司}} and {{zhi|c=刀}}, the third stroke of {{zhi|c=成}} and {{zhi|c=豕}}, the first four strokes of {{zhi|c=長}} and {{zhi|c=髟}}

|-

|T

|{{zhi|c=廿}} twenty

|Two vertical strokes connected by a horizontal stroke; the Kangxi radical {{zhi|c=艸}} when written as {{zhi|c=艹}} (whether the horizontal stroke is connected or broken)

|-

|U

|{{zhi|c=山}} mountain

|Three-sided enclosure with an opening on the top

|-

|V

|{{zhi|c=女}} woman

|A hook to the right; a V shape; the last three strokes in {{zhi|c=艮}}, {{zhi|c=衣}}, and {{zhi|c=長}}

|-

|W

|{{zhi|c=田}} field

|Itself, as well as any four-sided enclosure with something inside it, including the first two strokes in {{zhi|c=母}} and {{zhi|c=毋}}

|-

|Y

|{{zhi|c=卜}} fortune telling

|The {{zhi|c=卜}} shape and rotated forms, the shape {{zhi|c=辶}}, the first two strokes in {{zhi|c=斗}}

|-

|Collision/Difficult key*

|X

|{{zhi|c=重}}/{{zhi|c=難}} collision/difficult

|(1) disambiguation of Cangjie code decomposition collisions, (2) code for a "difficult-to-decompose" part

|-

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|Z

|(See note)

|Auxiliary code used for entering special characters (no meaning on its own). In most cases, this key combined with other keys will produce Chinese punctuations (such as {{zhi|c=。,、,「 」,『 』}}).

<small>Note: Some variants use Z as a collision key instead of X. In those systems, Z has the name "collision" ({{zhi|c=重}}) and X has the name "difficult" ({{zhi|c=難}}); but the use of Z as a collision key is neither in the original Cangjie nor used in the current mainstream implementations. In other variants, Z may have the name "user-defined" ({{zhi|c=造}}) or some other name.</small>

|-

|Wildcard

|Shift + 8 (*)

|Wildcard

|It can replace any key from 2nd to 5th place, and return a list matches the combination. It is very useful for unknown guesses when you are sure about the first and last input. (e.g. Input {{zhi|c=竹}}*{{zhi|c=竹}} will include the following in the list: {{zhi|c=身}}, {{zhi|c=物}}, {{zhi|c=秒}}, {{zhi|c=第}} )

|}

The auxiliary shapes of each Cangjie radical have changed slightly across different versions of the Cangjie method. Thus, this is one reason that different versions of the Cangjie method are not completely compatible.

Chu Bong-Foo has provided alternate names for some letters according to their characteristics. For example, H ({{zhi|c=竹}}) is also called {{zhi|c=斜}}, which means slant. The names form a rhyme to help learners memorize the letters, each group being in a line (The sounds of final characters are given in parentheses):

:{{zhi|c=日}} {{zhi|c=月}} {{zhi|c=金}} {{zhi|c=木}} {{zhi|c=水}} {{zhi|c=火}} {{zhi|c=土 (|p=tǔ)}}

:{{zhi|c=斜}} {{zhi|c=點}} {{zhi|c=交}} {{zhi|c=叉}} {{zhi|c=縱}} {{zhi|c=橫}} {{zhi|c=鈎 (|p=gōu)}}

:{{zhi|c=人}} {{zhi|c=心}} {{zhi|c=手}} {{zhi|c=口 (|p=kǒu)}}

:{{zhi|c=側}} {{zhi|c=並}} {{zhi|c=仰}} {{zhi|c=紐}} {{zhi|c=方}} {{zhi|c=卜 (|p=bǔ)}}

===Keyboard layout===

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===Basic rules===

The typist must be familiar with several decomposition rules ({{zhi|c=拆字規則}}) that define how to analyze a character to arrive at a Cangjie code.

* Direction of decomposition: left to right, top to bottom, and outside to inside

* Geometrically connected forms: take four Cangjie codes, namely the first, second, third, and last codes

* Geometrically unconnected forms that can be broken into two subforms (e.g., {{zhi|c=你}}): identify the two geometrically connected subforms according to the direction of decomposition rules (i.e., {{zhi|c=人}} and {{zhi|c=尔}}), then take the first and last codes of the first subform and the first, second, and last code of the second subform.

* Geometrically unconnected forms that can be broken into multiple subforms (e.g., {{zhi|c=謝}}): identify the first geometrically connected subform according to the direction of decomposition rules (i.e., {{zhi|c=言}}) and take the first and last codes of that form. Next, break the remainder (i.e., {{zhi|c=射}}) into subforms (i.e., {{zhi|c=身}} and {{zhi|c=寸}}) and take the first and last codes of the first subform and the last code of the last subform.

The rules are subject to various principles:

* '''Conciseness''' ({{zhi|c=精簡}}) – if multiple ways of decomposition are possible, the shorter decomposition is considered to be correct.

* '''Completeness''' ({{zhi|c=完整}}) – if multiple ways of decomposition with the same length of code are possible, the one that identifies a more complex form first is the correct decomposition.

* '''Reflection of the form of the radical''' ({{zhi|c=字型特徵}}) – the decomposition should reflect the shape of the radical, meaning (a) using the same code twice or more should be avoided if possible, and (b) the shape of the character should not be "cut" at a corner in the form.

* '''Omission of codes''' ({{zhi|c=省略}})

** '''Partial omission''' ({{zhi|c=部分省略}}) – when the number of codes in a complete decomposition exceeds the permitted number of codes, the extra codes are ignored.

** '''Omission in enclosed forms''' ({{zhi|c=包含省略}}) – when part of the character to be decomposed and the form is an enclosed form, only the shape of the enclosure is decomposed; the enclosed forms are omitted.

===Examples===

[[File:TypingChineseCharactersWithCangjieGedit383Ubuntu1310Screencast.webm|thumb|Typing [[Standard Chinese|Chinese]] with Cangjie input method version 5]][[File:CangjieOnMiNote2AndroidScreencast.webm|thumb|Typing [[Standard Chinese|Chinese]] with Cangjie input method on an [[Android (operating system)|Android device]] ]]

* {{zhi|c=車 (|p=chē: |l=vehicle)}}

** This character is geometrically connected, consisting of a single vertical structure, so we take the first, second, and last Cangjie codes from top to bottom.

** The Cangjie code is thus {{zhi|c=十}} {{zhi|c=田}} {{zhi|c=十}} (JWJ), corresponding to the basic shapes of the codes in this example.

* {{zhi|c=謝 (}|p=xiè: |l=to thank, to wither)}}

** This character consists of geometrically unconnected parts arranged horizontally. For the initial decomposition, we treat it as two parts, {{zhi|c=言}} and {{zhi|c=射}}.

** The first part, {{zhi|c=言}}, is geometrically unconnected from top to bottom; we take the first ({{zhi|c=亠}}, auxiliary shape of {{zhi|c=卜}} Y) and last parts ({{zhi|c=口}}, basic shape of {{zhi|c=口}} R) and arrive at {{zhi|c=卜}} {{zhi|c=口}} (YR).

** The second part is again geometrically unconnected, arranged horizontally. The two parts are {{zhi|c=身}} and {{zhi|c=寸}}.

*** For the first part of this second part, {{zhi|c=身}}, we take the first and last codes. Both are slants and therefore H; the first and last codes are thus {{zhi|c=竹}} {{zhi|c=竹}} (HH).

*** For the second part of the original second part, {{zhi|c=寸}}, we take only the last part. Because this is geometrically unconnected and consists of two parts, the first part is the outer form while the second part is the dot in the middle. The dot is I, and therefore the last code is {{zhi|c=戈}} (I).

** The Cangjie code is thus {{zhi|c=卜}} {{zhi|c=口}} (YR) {{zhi|c=竹}} {{zhi|c=竹}} (HH) {{zhi|c=戈}} (I), or {{zhi|c=卜}} {{zhi|c=口}} {{zhi|c=竹}} {{zhi|c=竹}} {{zhi|c=戈}} (YRHHI).

* {{zhi|c=谢}} (simplified version of {{zhi|c=謝}})

** This example is identical to the example just above, except that the first part is {{zhi|c=讠}}; the first and last codes are {{zhi|c=戈}} (I) and {{zhi|c=女}} (V).

** Repeating the same steps as in the above example, we get {{zhi|c=戈}} {{zhi|c=女}} (IV) {{zhi|c=竹}} {{zhi|c=竹}} (HH) {{zhi|c=戈}} (I), or {{zhi|c=戈}} {{zhi|c=女}} {{zhi|c=竹}} {{zhi|c=竹}} {{zhi|c=戈}} (IVHHI).

===Exceptions===

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! Version 5

|-

| {{zhi|c=門}} (door)

| colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | {{zhi|c=日}} {{zhi|c=弓}} (AN)

|-

| {{zhi|c=目}} (eye)

| colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | {{zhi|c=月}} {{zhi|c=山}} (BU)

|-

| {{zhi|c=鬼}} (ghost)

| style="text-align:center" | {{zhi|c=竹}} {{zhi|c=戈}} (HI)

| style="text-align:center" | {{zhi|c=竹}} {{zhi|c=戈}} (HI) or HUI

| style="text-align:center" | —

|-

| {{zhi|c=几}} (small table)

| style="text-align:center" | {{zhi|c=竹}} {{zhi|c=山}} (HU)

| colspan="2" style="text-align:center" | {{zhi|c=竹}} {{zhi|c=弓}} (HN)

|-

| {{zhi|c=贏}} (win)

| style="text-align:center" | —

| style="text-align:center" | {{zhi|c=卜}} {{zhi|c=口}} {{zhi|c=月}} {{zhi|c=月}} {{zhi|c=弓}} (YRBBN)

| style="text-align:center" | {{zhi|c=卜}} {{zhi|c=弓}} {{zhi|c=月}} {{zhi|c=山}} {{zhi|c=金}} (YNBUC)

|-

| {{zhi|c=虍}} (tiger [radical])

| colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | {{zhi|c=卜}} {{zhi|c=心}} (YP)

|-

| {{zhi|c=亡}} on top of {{zhi|c=口}} ({{zhi|c=吂}})

| colspan="2" style="text-align:center" | {{zhi|c=卜}} {{zhi|c=口}} (YR)

| style="text-align:center" | {{zhi|c=卜}} {{zhi|c=女}} {{zhi|c=口}} (YVR)

|-

| {{zhi|c=隹}} (fowl)

| colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | {{zhi|c=人}} {{zhi|c=土}} (OG)

|-

| {{zhi|c=气}} (air [radical])

| style="text-align:center" | {{zhi|c=人}} {{zhi|c=山}} (OU)

| style="text-align:center" | {{zhi|c=人}} {{zhi|c=弓}} (ON)

| style="text-align:center" | {{zhi|c=人}} {{zhi|c=一}} {{zhi|c=弓}} (OMN)

|-

| {{zhi|c=畿}} minus the {{zhi|c=田}}

| colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | {{zhi|c=女}} {{zhi|c=戈}} (VI)

|-

| {{zhi|c=鬥}} (compete)

| colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | {{zhi|c=中}} {{zhi|c=弓}} (LN)

|-

| {{zhi|c=阝}} (mound or city radical)

| colspan="3" style="text-align:center" | {{zhi|c=弓}} {{zhi|c=中}} (NL)

|}

Some forms cannot be decomposed. They are represented by an X, which is the {{zhi|c=難}} key on a Cangjie keyboard.<ref>{{cite web |title=倉頡取碼規則及方法 |trans-title=Cangjie code retrieval rules and methods |url=http://www.chinesecj.com/newlearncj/cj5/cj5.php |date=1997–2002 |website=Friends of Cangjie |language=zh |access-date=2 October 2020 |archive-date=1 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101002751/http://www.chinesecj.com/newlearncj/cj5/cj5.php |url-status=live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"

! Form !! Fixed decomposition (v5)

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Initially, the Cangjie input method was not intended to produce a character in any [[character set]]. Instead, it was part of an integrated system consisting of the Cangjie input ''rules'' and a Cangjie ''controller board''. This controller board contains [[Chinese character generator|character generator]] [[firmware]], which dynamically generates Chinese characters from Cangjie codes when characters are ''output'', using the hi-res graphics mode of the [[Apple II series|Apple II]] computer. In the preface of the [[#References|Cangjie user's manual]], [[Chu Bong-Foo]] wrote in 1982:

{{quoteblockquote|[in translation]<br>In terms of output: The output and input, in fact, [form] an integrated whole; there is no reason that [they should be] dogmatically separated into two different facilities.… This is in fact necessary.…}}

In this early system, when the user types "yk", for example, to get the Chinese character {{zhi|c=文}}, the Cangjie codes do not get converted to any character encoding and the actual string "yk" is stored. The Cangjie code for each character (a string of 1 to 5 lowercase letters plus a space) {{em|was}} the encoding of that particular character.

[[Image:Mingzhu xiaoziku1.PNG|frame|right|Demonstration of character generator ''Mingzhu''{{'}}s capability to generate characters according to the codes. The first character is 𮨻 (⿰{{zhi|c=飠它}}), which denotes a kind of soup in [[Xuzhou cuisine]].]]

A particular "feature" of this early system is that, if one sends random lowercase words to it, the character generator will attempt to construct Chinese characters according to the Cangjie decomposition rules, sometimes causing strange, unknown characters to appear. This unintended feature, "automatic generation of characters", is described in the manual and is responsible for producing [[#number-of-characters|more than 10,000 of the 15,000 characters]] that the system can handle. The name Cangjie, evocative of the creation of new characters, was indeed apt for this early version of Cangjie.

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=== Limitations in implementation ===

The decomposition of a character depends on a predefined set of "standard shapes" ({{zhi|c=標準字形}}). However, as many variations of Cangjie exist in different countries, the standard shape of a certain character in Cangjie is not always the one the user has learnt before. Learning Cangjie then entails learning not only Cangjie itself but also unfamiliar standard shapes for some characters. The Cangjie [[Input method|input method editor]] (IME) does not handle mistakes in decomposition except by informing the user (usually by beeping) that there is a mistake. However, Cangjie is originally designed to assign different codes to different variants of a character. For example, in the Cangjie provided on Windows, the code for {{zhi|c=產}} is YHHQM, which corresponds not to the shape of this character but to another variant, {{zhi|c=産}}. This is a problem resulting from the implementation of Cangjie on Windows. In the original Cangjie, {{zhi|c=產}} should be YKMHM (the first part is {{zhi|c=文}}) while {{zhi|c=産}} is YHHQM (the first part is {{zhi|c=产}}).

Punctuation marks are not geometrically decomposed, but rather given predefined codes that begin with ZX followed by a string of three letters related to the ordering of the characters in the [[Big5]] code. (This set of codes was added to Cangjie on the traditional Chinese version of Windows 95. On Windows 3.1, Cangjie did not have a set of codes for punctuation marks.) Typing punctuation marks in Cangjie thus becomes a frustrating exercise involving either memorization or pick-and-peck. However, this is solved on modern systems through accessing a virtual keyboard on screen (On Windows, this is activated by pressing Ctrl + Alt + comma key).

Commonly-made errors include not considered as alternative codes. For example, if one does not decompose {{zhi|c=方}} from top to bottom into YHS, but instead type YSH according to stroke order, Cangjie does not return the character {{zhi|c=方}} as a choice.

Since Cangjie requires all 26 keys of the [[QWERTY]] keyboard, it cannot be used to input Chinese characters on feature phones, which have only a [[Telephone keypad|12-key keypad]]. Alternative input methods, such as [[Zhuyin]], [[Wubihua method|5-stroke]] (or 9-stroke by [[Motorola]]), and the [[Q9 input method]], are used instead.

==Versions==

The Cangjie input method is commonly said to have gone through five generations (commonly referred to as "versions" in English), each of which is slightly incompatible with the others. Currently, version 3 ({{zhi|c=第三代倉頡}}) is the most common and supported natively by [[Microsoft Windows]]. Version 5 ({{zhi|c=第五代倉頡}}), supported by the Free Cangjie IME and previously the only Cangjie supported by [[Smart Common Input Method|SCIM]], represents a significant minority method and is supported by [[iOS]].

The early Cangjie system supported by the Zero One card on the Apple II was Version 2; Version 1 was never released.

Line 330 ⟶ 329:

* Some IMEs provide one or more [[Wildcard character|wildcard]] keys, usually but not always * and/or ?, that allow the user to omit part(s) of the Cangjie code; the system will display a list of matching characters for the user to choose. Examples include the X window Chinese INput XIM server (xcin), the Smart Common Input Method (SCIM), and the IME of the [[Founder Group]] (University of Peking) typesetting systems. Microsoft Windows's standard "Changjie" IME allows * to substitute for in-between characters (effectively reducing it to [[Simplified Cangjie]] entries), while the "New Changjie" IME allows * as a wildcard anywhere except for the first character.

* Some IMEs provide an "abbreviation" feature, where impossible Cangjie codes are interpreted as abbreviations for the Cangjie codes of more than one character. This allows more characters to be input with fewer keys. An example is the Smart Common Input Method (SCIM).

* Some IMEs provide an "association" ({{zhi|c=聯想}} lianxiang) feature, where the system anticipates what you are going to type next, and provides you with a list of characters or even phrases associated with what the user has typed. An example is the [[Microsoft]] "Changjie" IME.

* Some IMEs present the list of candidate characters differently, depending on the frequency of character use (how often that character has been typed by the user). An example is the Cangjie IME in the [[NJStar]] Chinese word processor.

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There have also been various attempts to "simplify" Cangjie one way or another:

* [[Simplified Cangjie]] (, also known as Quickquick, ({{zhi|c=簡易 |p=jiǎnyì)}} or ({{zhi|c=速成 |p=sùchéng) )}}, has the same radicals, auxiliary shapes, decomposition rules, and short list of exceptions as Cangjie, but only the first and last codes are used if more than two codes are required in Cangjie.

== Applications ==

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==Notes==

{{cleanup|date=May 2022|reason=these footnotes should be linked to the places in the text above they refer to, e.g. with [[Template:efn]].}}

* Taipei: Chwa! Taiwan Inc. ({{zhi|c=全華科技圖書公司}}). <cite>{{zhi|c=倉頡中文資訊碼}} : {{zhi|c=倉頡字母、部首、注音三用檢字對照}}</cite> [The Cangjie Chinese information code : with indexes keyed by Cangjie radicals, Kangxi radicals, and zhuyin]. Publication number 023479. &mdash; This is the user manual of an early Cangjie system with a Cangjie controller card.

** The second-to-last paragraph on the first page in the section entitled "The Cangjie radical-based Chinese input method" ({{zhi|c=倉頡字母中文輸入法}}) states that<blockquote id="auxiliary">[Translation]<br /> This is no problem; there are also auxiliary forms to complement the deficiencies of the radicals. The auxiliary forms are variations of the shape of the radicals, [and therefore] easy to remember.</blockquote>

** The last paragraph on the fifth page in the same section states<blockquote id="number-of-characters">[Translation]<br /> The dictionary appended [to this book] is based on the 4800 standard, commonly used characters as proclaimed by the Ministry of Education. Adding to this the characters that are automatically generated, the number of characters is about 15,000 (using the Kangxi dictionary as a basis).</blockquote>

* Part of the information from this article comes from [[:zh:倉頡輸入法|the equivalent Chinese-language Wikipedia article]]