SAIL (programming language): Difference between revisions

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'''SAIL''', the '''Stanford Artificial Intelligence Language''', was developed by Dan Swinehart and [[Bob Sproull]] of the [[Stanford AI Lab]] in 1970. It was originally a large [[ALGOL 60]]-like language for the [[PDP-10]] and [[DECSYSTEM-20]]. The language combined the earlier [[PDP-6]]/-10 language [[GOGOL (programming language)|GOGOL compiler]], essentially an [[integer]]-only version of ALGOL, with the [[associative store]] from the [[LEAP (programming language)|LEAP language]]. The first release was in November 1969 and it saw continued development into the 1980s, including a commercial derivative, '''MAINSAIL'''.

SAIL's main feature is a symbolic data system based upon an associative store (based on the [[LEAP (programming language)|LEAP system]] ofby Jerry Feldman and Paul Rovner). Items may be stored as unordered sets or as associations (triples). Other features include processes, procedure variables, events and interrupts, contexts, [[backtracking]] and record [[garbage collection]]. It also has block-structured macros, a coroutining facility and some new data types intended for building search trees and association lists.

A number of interesting software systems were coded in SAIL, including some early versions of [[File Transfer Protocol|FTP]] and [[TeX]], a document formatting system called PUB,<ref>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050205011125/http://www.nomodes.com/pub_manual.html |archive-date=5 February 2005|url=http://www.nomodes.com/pub_manual.html|title=PUB Manual|website=Nomodes.com|accessdate=30 December 2017}}</ref> and BRIGHT, a clinical database project sponsored by the [[National Institutes of Health]].<ref>{{cite journal|pmc=2578281 | pages=701–704 | journal=Proc Annu Symp Comput Appl Med Care | title=Development of a Friendly, Self-Teaching, Interactive Statistical Package for Analysis of Clinical Research Data: The BRIGHT STAT-PACK| year=1983 | last1=Rodbard | first1=D. | last2=Cole | first2=B. R. | last3=Munson | first3=P. J. | volume=8 | issue=3 | doi=10.1007/BF02224505 | pmid=6384409 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Aq2jBQAAQBAJ&q=BRIGHT+Decsystem10+nih&pg=PA479|title=NIH: An Account of Research in Its Laboratories and Clinics|first=DeWitt|last=Stetten|date=10 May 2014|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=9781483277554|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/access/BBGHLW.ocr|title=STANFORD UNIVERSITY MEDICAL EXPERIMENTAL COMPUTER RESOURCE : RR - 00785 : ANNUAL REPORT - YEAR 05|website=Profiles.nlm.nih.gov|accessdate=30 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/annualreportnati19851nati|title=Annual report : National Institutes of Health. Division of Computer Research and Technology|publisher=Bethesda, Md|website=Archive.org|accessdate=30 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/national-institutes-of-health-us-division-of/annual-report--national-institutes-of-health-division-of-computer-research-and-ita-549/page-4-annual-report--national-institutes-of-health-division-of-computer-research-and-ita-549.shtml|title=Read the eBook Annual report : National Institutes of Health. Division of Computer Research and Technology (Volume 1981-83) by National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Division of online for free (page 4 of 56)|first=Denis Larionov & Alexander|last=Zhulin|website=Ebooksread.com|accessdate=30 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/BB/G/H/M/D/_/bbghmd.ocr|title=PUFF/VM PROJECT : Section 4.1.6|website=Profiles.nlm.nih.gov|accessdate=30 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/access/BBGHJD.ocr|title=Section 9.2.6 : PUFF/WI Project|website=Profiles.nlm.nih.gov|accessdate=30 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/ps/access/BBGHMS.ocr|title=Section 4.1.7 : PUFF/VM Project|website=Profiles.nlm.nih.gov|accessdate=30 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/BB/G/H/L/W/_/bbghlw.pdf|title=STANFORD UNIVERSITY MEDICAL EXPERIMENTAL COMPUTER RESOURCE : RR - 00785 : ANNUAL REPORT -YEAR 05 |website=Profiles.nlm.nih.gov|accessdate=30 December 2017}}</ref>