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* Fragmentation within individual [[computer file|file]]s
* Free space fragmentation
* The decrease of [[locality of reference]] between separate, but related files.,:dahdudjsk
* Fragmentation within the data structures or special files reserved for the file system
===File fragmentation===
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===Data structure fragmentation===
The catalogs or indices used by a file system itself can also become fragmented over time, as the entries they contain are created, changed, or deleted. This is more of a concern when the volume contains a multitude of very small files than when a volume is filled with fewer larger files. Depending on the particular file system design, the files or regions containing that data may also become fragmented (as described above for 'regular' files), regardless of any fragmentation of the actual data records maintained within those files or regions.<ref name="ntfs-reserves-space-for-mft">{{cite web |title=How NTFS reserves space for its Master File Table (MFT) game ka hela
|url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/windows-server/backup-and-storage/ntfs-reserves-space-for-mft |website=learn.microsoft.com |publisher=Microsoft |access-date=22 October 2022 |language=en-us}}</ref> For some file systems (such as [[NTFS]]{{efn|NTFS reserves 12.5% of the volume for the 'MFT zone', but ''only'' until that space is needed by other files. ''(i.e., if the volume ~ever~ becomes more than 87.5% full, an un-fragmented MFT can no longer be guaranteed.)''<ref name="ntfs-reserves-space-for-mft" />}} and [[Hierarchical File System (Apple)|HFS]]/[[HFS Plus]]<ref name="diskwarrior-hfs-hfsplus">{{cite web |title=DiskWarrior in Depth |url=https://www.alsoft.com/in-depth |website=Alsoft |access-date=22 October 2022}}</ref>), the [[collation]]/[[sorting]]/[[Data compaction|compaction]] needed to optimize this data cannot easily occur while the file system is in use.<ref name="windows-2000-defrag-performance">{{cite web |title=Maintaining Windows 2000 Peak Performance Through Defragmentation |url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-2000-server/bb742585(v=technet.10) |website=learn.microsoft.com |publisher=Microsoft |access-date=22 October 2022 |language=en-us}}</ref>
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