Piaget's theory of cognitive development: Difference between revisions

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'''Piaget's theory of cognitive development''' is a comprehensive theory about the nature and development of human [[intelligence]]. It was originated by the Swiss [[developmental psychologist]] [[Jean Piaget]] (1896–1980). The theory deals with the [[epistemology|nature of knowledge]] itself and how humans gradually come to acquire, construct, and use it.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/wileyse/cognitive_development/0|title=Cognitive Development - Encyclopedia of Special Education: A Reference for the Education of Children, Adolescents, and Adults with Disabilities and Other Exceptional Individuals - Credo Reference|website=search.credoreference.com}}</ref> Piaget's theory is mainly known as a [[Developmental stage theories|developmental stage theory]].

In 1919, while working at the Alfred Binet Laboratory School in [[Paris]], Piaget "was intrigued by the fact that children of different ages made different kinds of mistakes while solving problems".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Franzoi |first=Stephen L. |title=Essentials of Psychology |lastpublisher=FranzoiBVT Publishing |firstyear=Stephen2014 |isbn=978-1-5178014-2-79781618826947 |edition=5th |___location=Redding, CA |pages=119}}</ref> His experience and observations at the Alfred Binet Laboratory were the beginnings of his theory of cognitive development.<ref>{{Citation|last=Piaget|first=Jean|title=Jean Piaget.|date=1952|url=http://content.apa.org/books/11154-011|work=A History of Psychology in Autobiography, Vol IV.|pages=237–256|editor-last=Boring|editor-first=Edwin G.|place=Worcester|publisher=Clark University Press|language=en|doi=10.1037/11154-011|access-date=2021-02-28|editor2-last=Werner|editor2-first=Heinz|editor3-last=Langfeld|editor3-first=Herbert S.|editor4-last=Yerkes|editor4-first=Robert M.}}</ref>

He believed that children of different ages made different mistakes because of the "quality rather than quantity" of their intelligence.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mcleod |first=Saul |date=2007 |title=[Jean Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development] |url=https://www.simplypsychology.org/piaget.html |language=en}}</ref> Piaget proposed four stages to describe the development process of children: sensorimotor stage, pre-operational stage, concrete operational stage, and formal operational stage.<ref>{{Citation |last=Bovet |first=Magali |title=Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development and Individual Differences |date=1976 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46323-5_20 |work=Piaget and His School |pages=269–279 |place=Berlin, Heidelberg |publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg |doi=10.1007/978-3-642-46323-5_20 |isbn=978-3-540-07248-5 |access-date=2022-07-07}}</ref> Each stage describes a specific age group. In each stage, he described how children develop their cognitive skills. For example, he believed that children experience the world through actions, representing things with words, thinking logically, and using reasoning.