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The '''C-segment''' is the 3rd category of the [[Euro Car Segment|European segments for passenger cars]] and is described as "medium cars".<ref name= "EEC Merger Procedure"/><ref>{{cite web |title= Impact on the Competitiveness of the European Automotive Industry of Potential FTA with India and ASEAN |website = www.europa.eu |url= http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/sectors/automotive/files/projects/report_fta_india_asean_en.pdf |page= 8 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130429040531/http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/sectors/automotive/files/projects/report_fta_india_asean_en.pdf |archive-date= 29 April 2013 }}</ref> It is equivalent to the [[Euro NCAP]] "small family car" size class,<ref>{{cite web |title=Latest Safety Ratings |url=https://www.euroncap.com/en/ratings-rewards/latest-safety-ratings/ |website=www.euroncap.com |access-date=8 January 2019 |language=en}}</ref> and the [[compact car]] category in the United States.<ref name="segment">{{cite news| title = Taking the 'Cheap' Out of the Small Car| newspaper = The New York Times| date = 7 September 2012| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/09/automobiles/taking-the-cheap-out-of-the-small-car.html?hpw| last1 = Brooke| first1 = Lindsay}}</ref>
In 2011, the C-segment had a European [[market share]] of 23%.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260912866|title=Cost and well-to-wheel implications of the vehicle fleet CO2 emission regulation in the European Union|page=27+28 |author1=Christian Thiel |author2=Johannes Schmidt |author3=Arnold Van Zyl |author4=Erwin Schmid |journal=
== Definition ==
The European segments are not based on size or weight criteria.<ref name= "EEC Merger Procedure">{{cite web |title=Regulation (EEC) No 4064/89 – Merger Procedure |website= www.europa.eu |url=http://ec.europa.eu/competition/mergers/cases/decisions/m1406_en.pdf |quote= exact market definition was left open .. boundaries between segments are blurred by factors other than the size or length of cars}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.transportpolicy.net/index.php?title=EU:_Vehicle_Definitions|title=EU: Vehicle Definitions|access-date=25 August 2016}}</ref> In practice, C-segment cars have been described as having a length of approximately {{convert|4.5|m|ft|0}}.<ref>{{cite book |last=Meadows |first=Jordan |title=Vehicle Design: aesthetic principles in transportation design |date=2017 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781138685604 |pages=39–40 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ipU4DwAAQBAJ&pg=SA3-PA39 |access-date=29 September 2018 |quote= The [C] segment is around 4.5 metres long.}}</ref><ref name="Jacobs">{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=1hTrCgAAQBAJ |page=33 |title=The new domestic automakers in the United States and Canada: history, impacts, and prospects |first=Andrew James |last=Jacobs |publisher=Lexington Books |year=2016 |isbn=9780739188262 |access-date=19 July 2017 |quote= 4) Compact— vehicles between 165 and 179.99 inches in length or equivalent to Europe's C-segment for cars.}}</ref> As of 2021 C-segment category size span from approx. 4.2m to 4.6m
Examples include Volkswagen Golf, Ford Focus, Citroen C4, Mercedes-Benz A-Class, Audi A3, Honda Civic and Toyota Corolla.<ref>{{cite web |title=European sales 2020 Compact cars |url=https://carsalesbase.com/european-sales-2020-compact-cars/|website=www.carsalesbase.com |access-date=29 March 2021|date=March 2021}}</ref>
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File:Toyota Corolla Hybrid (E210) IMG 4338.jpg|[[Toyota Corolla]] <br /> 12th generation (2019–present)
File:Seat Leon FR (IV) – f 01012023.jpg|[[SEAT León]] <br /> 4th generation (2020–present)
File:BMW 120d M Sport (F40) – f 11042021.jpg|[[BMW 1 Series]] <br /> 3rd generation (
</gallery>
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<gallery widths="300">
File:Audi A3 Sportback 35 TFSI (8Y) – f 02042021.jpg|[[Audi A3]] <br/> 4th generation (2020–present)
File:2022 - Peugeot 308 III (C) - 068.jpg|[[Peugeot 308]] <br/> 3rd generation (
File:Renault Megane IV FL IMG 5425.jpg|[[Renault Mégane]] <br/> 4th generation (2016–present)
File:2018 Kia Ceed First Edition 1.4 Front.jpg|[[Kia Ceed]] <br/> 3rd generation (2018–present)
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According to 2011 sales,<ref>{{cite web|title=Europe Full Year 2011: Top 318 All models ranking now available! |publisher=Automotive News |url= http://www.autoweek.nl/forum/read.php?1,2449761,page=23 |access-date=7 February 2016}}</ref> compact cars are currently the second segment in Europe after the [[subcompact]] one (which in Europe corresponds to [[A-segment]] + [[B-segment]]), with approximately 3 million units sold.
Because of the [[Volkswagen Golf]]'s definition and long standing dominance of this class it is often referred to as the "Golf segment" in much of Europe.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=2016-08-19 | url = http://www.auto-motor-und-sport.de/kompaktklasse-1916624.html | title= Kompaktklasse |trans-title=Compact Class | publisher = Auto Motor und Sport | language = de }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.expressen.se/motor/stort-test-de-10-basta-bilarna-i-golf-klassen/ | publisher = Expressen | date = 2013-04-16 | work = Allt om Bilar | title = Stort test: De 10 bästa bilarna i Golf-klassen |trans-title=Big test: The 10 best cars in the Golf class | language = sv | last1 = Jakobsson | first1 = David | last2 = Berggren | first2 = Jan-Erik }}</ref><ref name="Copping 2006 17">{{cite book|first=Richard |last=Copping |page=17 |title=VW Golf: Five Generations of Fun: The Full Story of the Volkswagen Golf |publisher=Veloce Publishing |year=2006 }}</ref>
Mainstream compact sedans began falling in popularity since 1990s, when Peugeot stopped production of [[Peugeot 306|306]] in 4-door saloon form, and also sharply declining since 2010s, as well as the reduced sales of 4-door [[Ford Focus]].{{Citation needed|date=November 2019}}
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After the Second World War, European manufacturers usually featured two vehicle types: small [[economy cars]] that were usually saloons and large [[sedan (car)|saloons]]. By the 1960s, the post war economic boom had produced customers who wanted something of intermediate size. These were usually saloons during the 1950s and 1960s.
The world's first [[Hatchback#Early examples|hatchback]],<ref>{{cite book|first=Tony |last=Lewin |first2=Ryan |last2=Borroff |first3=Ian |last3=Callum |page=185|title=How to Design Cars Like a Pro |publisher=Motorbooks |year=2010 }}</ref><ref
The modern C-segment market in Europe can be traced back to the 1968 launch of the [[Renault 6]], the first successful hatchback of this size. The ''hatchback'' bodystyle was first introduced by [[Renault]] with the 1964 [[Renault 16]], which was elected the 1965 [[European Car of the Year|Car of the year in Europe]]. A review in the English ''Motoring Illustrated'' in May 1965 stated: "The Renault Sixteen can thus be described as a large family car but one that is neither a four door saloon and nor is it quite an estate. But, importantly, it is a little different."<ref name="Motoring Illustrated, May 1965">Motoring Illustrated, May 1965</ref> Even the later similar-sized cars like the [[Ford Escort (Europe)|Ford Escort]], [[Vauxhall Viva (1963–1979)|Vauxhall Viva]], [[Austin Allegro]] and [[Hillman Avenger]] were still only available as saloons or estates, although some cars of this size, like the [[Austin 1100|BMC/BL 1100 and 1300 saloons]] and [[Italy|Italy's]] [[Fiat 128]] featured front-wheel drive from their launch during the 1960s.
The C-segment was revolutionized in 1974 with the launch of the [[Volkswagen Golf]], a front-wheel drive hatchback, which was hugely successful all over Europe. Within a decade, most cars of this size in Europe were front-wheel drive hatchbacks. These included the [[Fiat Ritmo]] (Strada in the UK), [[Ford Escort (Europe)|Ford Escort]] (from the MK3 model launched in 1980), [[Opel Kadett]] ([[Vauxhall Astra]] in the UK), [[Renault 11]], and the [[Talbot Horizon]] (originally a [[Chrysler]]/[[Simca]] until [[Peugeot]] took over [[Chrysler|Chrysler's]] [[Chrysler Europe|European division]] in 1979). Most manufacturers still offered a traditional saloon of this size though, with Volkswagen using the Golf as the base for its [[Volkswagen Jetta|Jetta]] saloon, and Ford launching the Escort-based [[Ford Orion|Orion]] in 1983. Also in the 1980s saloons became popular again in certain Western European markets, often with a different model name than the hatchback, for example the [[Renault 9]] (Renault 11-based), [[Fiat Regata]] (Ritmo-based) and [[SEAT Málaga]].
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The third-generation Vauxhall Viva was produced until late 1979, when it was replaced by the [[Vauxhall Astra#First generation (1979-1984)|Vauxhall Astra]] (a rebadged [[Opel Kadett#Kadett D (1979–1984)|Opel Kadett D]] which was initially produced in West Germany and Belgium).
The Astra was part of a late-1970s transition in small family cars from being predominantly [[rear-wheel drive|rear-wheel-drive]] [[sedan (automobile)|saloon]]s, to becoming [[front-wheel drive|front-wheel-drive]] [[hatchback]]s (by then increasingly popular in mainland Europe). The Austin Allegro – introduced five years earlier – was front-wheel-drive, but was built in only saloon and [[station wagon|estate]] body styles. Only the related [[Austin Maxi]] was a hatchback.
The Hillman Avenger (marketed as a Chrysler Avenger 1976–1979 and as a Talbot Avenger 1979–1981) continued to sell well,{{citation needed|date=January 2019}} in spite of the 1978 launch of the [[Simca-Talbot Horizon#Horizon in the UK|Talbot Horizon]] front-wheel-drive hatchback.
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{{EC car classification}}
{{Automobile configuration}}
[[Category:Euro car segments]]
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