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Delete the last paragraph in intro saying they are a subset of linacs. I created this page in 2010 specifically because electrostatic fields are different than oscillating fields used in linacs. Thus they are not a subset and in fact evolved independently. |
→Particle energy: Tandems are E=(1+q)V, not 2qV, because the anions are singly charged. |
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In a single-ended electrostatic accelerator the charged particle is accelerated through a single potential difference between two electrodes, so the output particle energy <math>E</math> is equal to the charge on the particle <math>q</math> multiplied by the accelerating voltage <math>V</math>
:<math>E = qV</math>
In a tandem accelerator the particle is accelerated twice by the same voltage, so the output energy is <math>
Since all elementary particles have charges which are multiples of the [[elementary charge]] on the electron, <math>e = 1.6(10^{-19})</math> coulombs, particle physicists use a different unit to express particle energies, the ''[[electronvolt|electron volt]]'' (eV) which makes it easier to calculate. The electronvolt is equal to the energy a particle with a charge of 1''e'' gains passing through a potential difference of one volt. In the above equation, if <math>q</math> is measured in elementary charges ''e'' and <math>V</math> is in volts, the particle energy <math>E</math> is given in eV. For example, if an [[alpha particle]] which has a charge of 2''e'' is accelerated through a voltage difference of one million volts (1 MV), it will have an energy of two million electron volts, abbreviated 2 MeV. The accelerating voltage on electrostatic machines is in the range 0.1 to 25 MV and the charge on particles is a few elementary charges, so the particle energy is in the low MeV range. More powerful accelerators can produce energies in the giga electron volt (GeV) range.
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