David Whitney and Allison Yamanashi LiebLeib have developed an operational and flexible definition stating that ensemble coding should cover the following five concepts:<ref name="Whitney_2014">{{cite journal | vauthors = Whitney D, Yamanashi Leib A | title = Ensemble Perception | journal = Annual Review of Psychology | volume = 69 | issue = 1 | pages = 105–129 | date = January 2018 | pmid = 28892638 | doi = 10.1146/annurev-psych-010416-044232 | s2cid = 39630841 }}</ref>
* Ensemble perception is the ability to discriminate or reproduce a statistical moment.
