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During the [[Cold War]] in Europe, US and NATO bases used by the [[Quick Reaction Alert]] readiness forces stored their nuclear bombs in heavily secured [[weapon storage area]]s located on or in the vicinity of the base. The process of transferring and mounting the weapons to the aircraft took several hours and required a large coordinated team of security, transportation and engineer personnel; when the alert or exercise was called off, it took an equal amount of time and trouble to return the weapons to the bunkers.
The standard system had functioned since the late 1940s, but was unsatisfactory for overseas duty in multiple regards: primarily, it required the weapons be kept mounted on the body of the alert aircraft to ensure they could take off quickly enough when called (despite aircraft not being designed to safely or securely store nuclear weapons). Secondarily, it also posed an [[OPSEC]] risk, as any large amount of activity around the weapons bunkers during a time of crisis would be quickly spotted by the Soviets and interpreted as a prelude to nuclear attack. Lastly, there was a serious risk that wartime damage to airbases from a [[Pre-emptive war|first strike]] using nuclear [[airburst]] or [[Chemical_warfare#Persistency|persistent chemical weapons]] attack would deny access to the bunkers for many weeks without actually destroying them, thus creating a much-feared "soft kill" scenario in which most of NATO's [[theater (warfare)|theater-based]] nuclear assets could be rapidly neutralized by a much smaller number of Soviet "soft" [[area denial]] strikes. In a projected multi-day war, this was feared to be a decisive handicap.
Deployment of the WS3 system was authorized in 1988,<ref name=chronology /> and they were in widespread use by 1995.
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