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=== On-Chip Photonic Tensor Cores ===
With increasing demands on graphical processing unit-based accelerator technologies, in the second decade of the 21st century, there has been a huge emphasis on the use of on-chip integrated optics to create photonics-based processors. The emergence of both deep learning neural networks based on phase modulation,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Shen |first1=Yichen |last2=Harris |first2=Nicholas C. |last3=Skirlo |first3=Scott |last4=Prabhu |first4=Mihika |last5=Baehr-Jones |first5=Tom |last6=Hochberg |first6=Michael |last7=Sun |first7=Xin |last8=Zhao |first8=Shijie |last9=Larochelle |first9=Hugo |last10=Englund |first10=Dirk |last11=Soljačić |first11=Marin |date=July 2017 |title=Deep learning with coherent nanophotonic circuits |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/nphoton.2017.93 |journal=Nature Photonics |language=en |volume=11 |issue=7 |pages=441–446 |doi=10.1038/nphoton.2017.93 |arxiv=1610.02365 |bibcode=2017NaPho..11..441S |s2cid=13188174 |issn=1749-4893}}</ref> and more recently amplitude modulation using photonic memories <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ríos |first1=Carlos |last2=Youngblood |first2=Nathan |last3=Cheng |first3=Zengguang |last4=Le Gallo |first4=Manuel |last5=Pernice |first5=Wolfram H. P. |last6=Wright |first6=C. David |last7=Sebastian |first7=Abu |last8=Bhaskaran |first8=Harish |date=February 2019 |title=In-memory computing on a photonic platform |journal=Science Advances |language=en |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=eaau5759 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.aau5759 |issn=2375-2548 |pmc=6377270 |pmid=30793028|arxiv=1801.06228 |bibcode=2019SciA....5.5759R }}</ref> have created a new area of photonic technologies for neuromorphic computing,<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Prucnal |first1=Paul R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VbvODgAAQBAJ |title=Neuromorphic Photonics |last2=Shastri |first2=Bhavin J. |date=2017-05-08 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1-4987-2524-8 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Shastri |first1=Bhavin J. |last2=Tait |first2=Alexander N. |last3=Ferreira de Lima |first3=T. |last4=Pernice |first4=Wolfram H. P. |last5=Bhaskaran |first5=Harish |last6=Wright |first6=C. D. |last7=Prucnal |first7=Paul R. |date=February 2021 |title=Photonics for artificial intelligence and neuromorphic computing |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41566-020-00754-y |journal=Nature Photonics |language=en |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=102–114 |doi=10.1038/s41566-020-00754-y |arxiv=2011.00111 |bibcode=2021NaPho..15..102S |s2cid=256703035 |issn=1749-4893}}</ref> leading to new photonic computing technologies, all on a chip such as the photonic tensor core.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Feldmann |first1=J. |last2=Youngblood |first2=N. |last3=Karpov |first3=M. |last4=Gehring |first4=H. |last5=Li |first5=X. |last6=Stappers |first6=M. |last7=Le Gallo |first7=M. |last8=Fu |first8=X. |last9=Lukashchuk |first9=A. |last10=Raja |first10=A. S. |last11=Liu |first11=J. |last12=Wright |first12=C. D. |last13=Sebastian |first13=A. |last14=Kippenberg |first14=T. J. |last15=Pernice |first15=W. H. P. |date=January 2021 |title=Parallel convolutional processing using an integrated photonic tensor core |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-03070-1 |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=589 |issue=7840 |pages=52–58 |doi=10.1038/s41586-020-03070-1 |pmid=33408373 |arxiv=2002.00281 |bibcode=2021Natur.589...52F |hdl=10871/124352 |s2cid=256823189 |issn=1476-4687}}</ref>
===Wavelength-based computing===
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===Masking optical beams===
The [[travelling salesman problem]] has been solved by Shaked ''et al.'' (2007)<ref>{{cite journal| author= NT Shaked, S Messika, S Dolev, J Rosen |title=Optical solution for bounded NP-complete problems|journal= Applied Optics|pages=711–724|volume=46|issue=5|date=2007|doi=10.1364/AO.46.000711|pmid=17279159|bibcode=2007ApOpt..46..711S|s2cid=17440025}}</ref> by using an optical approach. All possible TSP paths have been generated and stored in a binary matrix which was multiplied with another gray-scale vector containing the distances between cities. The multiplication is performed optically by using an optical correlator.
===Optical Fourier co-processors===
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==External links==
{{Commons category-inline}}
* [https://www.wired.com/news/technology/0,1282,69033,00.html?tw=newsletter_topstories_html This Laser Trick's a Quantum Leap]
* [http://www.extremetech.com/article2/0,1558,1779951,00.asp Photonics Startup Pegs Q2'06 Production Date] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20070516050912/http://www.extremetech.com/article2/0,1558,1779951,00.asp |date=2007-05-16 }}
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